“…S1), there was no evidence in the former experiments for the interaction of squalamine with the C-terminal residues. In addition, when the squalamine concentration was increased to 80 μM in the absence (23,24) were resuspended in the cell culture medium at a concentration of 0.3 μM, incubated with or without increasing concentrations (0.03 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.3 μM, 1.0 μM, and 3.0 μM) of squalamine for 1 h at 37°C under shaking conditions, and then added to the cell culture medium of SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h. The cells were also treated with squalamine preincubated in the absence of oligomers for 1 h at 37°C under shaking conditions. **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001, respectively, relative to untreated cells and°°P ≤ 0.01 relative to cells treated with α-synuclein oligomers.…”