258 Distribution and Neurochemistry of Botulinum Toxin Type a Receptors in the Urinary Bladder

Coelho, Ana Rita; Dinis, Paulo; Pinto, Rui; Gorgal, Tiago; Avelino, António; Silva, A.; Silva, Jessica Albuquerque Marques; Cruz, Carlos Oliveira; Cruz, Francisco

doi:10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60261-5

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“…Previous research has confirmed the distribution of SV2 and SNAP-25 in the submucosa and detrusor, but with no expression in the urothelium [30]. SV2 and SNAP-25 are expressed more abundantly in cholinergic than in parasympathetic fibers, with less than 50% of expression in the sensory and sympathet- Int Neurourol J June 30, 2022 ic nerves.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Bont-amentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Another study has demonstrated that the cleaved SNAP-25 is predominantly expressed in the parasympathetic nerve and that botulinum toxin mainly cleaves the SNAP-25 protein in cholinergic fibers [31]. These observations indicate that the parasympathetic nerves are the main target of BoNT-A action in the human bladder and that cleaved SNAP-25 is considered an important marker of sites of BoNT-A action for future research [30,31]. Other clinical studies and animal models have demonstrated that SV2 and SNAP-25 are expressed in the urothelial cells and mucosa of the rat and human bladder [32,33].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Bont-amentioning

confidence: 94%

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Nano-BTA: A New Strategy for Intravesical Delivery of Botulinum Toxin A

Liu

2022

Int Neurourol J

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Botulinum neurotoxin subtype A (BoNT-A) has been part of the urology treatment arsenal since it was first used in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia more than 30 years ago. BoNT-A has been recommended as an effective treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and overactive bladder. However, direct intradetrusor injection of BoNT-A using cystoscopy after anesthesia may cause hematuria, pain, and infection; these adverse events have motivated urologists to find less invasive and more convenient ways to administer BoNT-A. The development of nanotechnology has led to the advancement of intravesical drug delivery. Using versatile nanocarriers to transport BoNT-A across the impermeable urothelium is a promising therapeutic option. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness and feasibility of liposomes, thermosensitive polymeric hydrogels, and hyaluronan-phosphatidylethanolamine as carriers of BoNT-A for intravesical instillation. To date, these carriers have not reached a similar efficacy as intradetrusor injections in long-term observations. Hopefully, researchers will make a breakthrough with new nanomaterials to develop clinical applications in the future.

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Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Bont-amentioning

confidence: 85%