Pattern recognition receptors in the gut: analysis of their expression along the intestinal tract and the crypt/villus axis

Gourbeyre, Pascal; Berri, Mustapha; Lippi, Yannick; Meurens, François; Vincent‐Naulleau, Silvia; Laffitte, Joëlle; Rogel–Gaillard, Claire; Pinton, Philippe; Oswald, Isabelle P.

doi:10.14814/phy2.12225

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Generally, expression levels of most TLRs were higher in splenic MNCs/DCs compared to ileal MNCs/DCs in conventional pigs, regardless of the age (newborn, young and adult). Our data in adult pigs is consistent with a recent study of TLR expression along the intestinal tract in 70-day-old pigs in that most of the TLR mRNA expression levels was higher in MLN than ileal PP (Gourbeyre et al, 2015). Using Taqman real-time PCR, mRNA expression of human TLRs 1-10 was assessed in human adult tissue cDNA pools (Clontech) and compared amongst the different tissues (Zarember and Godowski, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of porcine Toll-like receptors at different ages in germ-free and conventional pigs

Shao

Fischer

Kandasamy

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs), key initiators of innate immune responses, recognize antigens and are essential in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Misrecognition and over-stimulation/expression of TLRs may contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. However, appropriate and mature TLR responses are associated with the establishment of resistance against some infectious diseases. In this study, we assessed the mRNA expression profile of TLRs 1-10 in splenic and ileal mononuclear cells (MNCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) of germ-free (GF) and conventional pigs at different ages. We found that the TLR mRNA expression profiles were distinct between GF and conventional pigs. The expression profiles were also significantly different between splenic and ileal MNCs/DCs. Comparison of the TLR expression profiles in GF and conventional newborn and young pigs demonstrated that exposure to commensal microbiota may play a more important role than age in TLR mRNA expression profiles. To our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically assesses porcine TLRs 1-10 mRNA expression profiles in MNCs and DCs from GF and conventional pigs at different ages. These results further highlighted that the commensal microbiota of neonates play a critical role through TLR signaling in the development of systemic and mucosal immune systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of porcine Toll-like receptors at different ages in germ-free and conventional pigs

Shao

Fischer

Kandasamy

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…PRR pathway activation in the epithelium is controlled by low expression of PAMP receptors but also by increases in the levels of its negative regulators [8,10,42]. Some of these regulators are expressed constitutively, whereas others are up-regulated during inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MCPIP-1, Alias Regnase-1, Controls Epithelial Inflammation by Posttranscriptional Regulation of IL-8 Production

Dobosz¹,

Wilamowski

Lech³

et al. 2016

J Innate Immun

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Pattern recognition receptors are critical for the detection of invading microorganisms. They activate multiple pathways that lead to the induction of proinflammatory responses and pathogen clearance. The intensity and duration of this immune reaction must be tightly controlled spatially and temporally in every tissue by different negative regulators. We hypothesized that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP-1) might play a role in maintaining immune homeostasis in the epithelium both under physiological conditions and upon bacterial infection. To this end, we examined the distribution of the MCPIP-1 transcript and protein in various tissues. The MCPIP-1 protein level was higher in epithelial cells than in myeloid cells. MCPIP-1 exerted RNase activity towards the interleukin (IL)-8 transcript and the lifespan of IL-8 was determined by the presence of the stem-loops/hairpin structures at the 3′UTR region of IL-8 mRNA. Moreover, using fully active, purified recombinant MCPIP-1 protein, we elucidated the mechanism by which MCPIP-1 controls the IL-8 mRNA level. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel IL-8-dependent mechanism via which MCPIP-1 maintains epithelial homeostasis. This study reveals for the first time that MCPIP-1 plays a crucial anti-inflammatory role not only in myeloid cells but also in epithelial cells.

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“…Pattern recognition receptors are critical for the recognition of microorganisms and the induction of immune and inflammatory responses [57] . The families of these proteins include the membranebound Tolllike receptors (TLRs), nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain (NOD)like receptors, and retinoic acid inducible geneIlike receptors [58] .…”

Section: Mirnas and Activation Of The Innate Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as new molecular insights into inflammatory bowel disease: Crucial regulators in autoimmunity and inflammation

Zhang

2016

WJG

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and includes two major phenotypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood as of yet. It is believed that IBD results from complicated interactions between environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and immune disorders. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of specific mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. miRNAs are considered to play crucial regulatory roles in many biologic processes, such as immune cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, aberrant expression of miRNAs was revealed to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how miRNAs regulate autoimmunity and inflammation by affecting the differentiation, maturation, and function of various immune cells. In particular, we focus on describing specific miRNA expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we summarize the opportunities for utilizing miRNAs as new biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.

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Pattern recognition receptors in the gut: analysis of their expression along the intestinal tract and the crypt/villus axis

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of porcine Toll-like receptors at different ages in germ-free and conventional pigs

Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of porcine Toll-like receptors at different ages in germ-free and conventional pigs

MCPIP-1, Alias Regnase-1, Controls Epithelial Inflammation by Posttranscriptional Regulation of IL-8 Production

miRNAs as new molecular insights into inflammatory bowel disease: Crucial regulators in autoimmunity and inflammation

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