Environmental, developmental, and genetic factors controlling root system architecture

Mansoorkhani, F Malekpoor; Seymour, Graham B.; Swarup, Ranjan; Bagheri, H Moeiniyan; Ramsey, Ryan; Thompson, Andrew J.

doi:10.1080/02648725.2014.995912

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Plant development, yield, and overall fitness are dependent on the optimal root architecture. The root system plays essential roles in the anchorage of the plant to the soil but also in nutrient and water uptake (Malekpoor Mansoorkhani et al, 2014). Given the importance of iron for plant growth, it is not surprising that roots have developed unique capabilities to sense and respond to iron availability in the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin Signaling Fine-Tunes Arabidopsis Iron-Deficiency Responses

et al. 2016

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Iron is an essential element for most living organisms. Plants acquire iron from the rhizosphere and have evolved different biochemical and developmental responses to adapt to a low-iron environment. In Arabidopsis, FIT encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that activates the expression of iron-uptake genes in root epidermis upon iron deficiency. Here, we report that the gibberellin (GA)-signaling DELLA repressors contribute substantially in the adaptive responses to iron-deficient conditions. When iron availability decreases, DELLAs accumulate in the root meristem, thereby restraining root growth, while being progressively excluded from epidermal cells in the root differentiation zone. Such DELLA exclusion from the site of iron acquisition relieves FIT from DELLA-dependent inhibition and therefore promotes iron uptake. Consistent with this mechanism, expression of a non-GA-degradable DELLA mutant protein in root epidermis interferes with iron acquisition. Hence, spatial distribution of DELLAs in roots is essential to fine-tune the adaptive responses to iron availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin Signaling Fine-Tunes Arabidopsis Iron-Deficiency Responses

et al. 2016

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“…Many genetic and environmental factors influence root architectural traits. Work in Arabidopsis thaliana , maize, and Oryza sativa (rice) has uncovered a great deal of information as to root structure, the genetic components regulating RSA, and the close relationship between RSA and the soil environment (Smith and De Smet, ; Giehl et al ., ; Malekpoor Mansoorkhani et al ., ; Uga et al ., ; Wachsman et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

DRO1 influences root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Prunus species

et al. 2017

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Roots provide essential uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, as well as anchorage and stability for the whole plant. Root orientation, or angle, is an important component of the overall architecture and depth of the root system; however, little is known about the genetic control of this trait. Recent reports in Oryza sativa (rice) identified a role for DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) in influencing the orientation of the root system, leading to positive changes in grain yields under water-limited conditions. Here we found that DRO1 and DRO1-related genes are present across diverse plant phyla, and fall within the IGT gene family. The IGT family also includes TAC1 and LAZY1, which are known to affect the orientation of lateral shoots. Consistent with a potential role in root development, DRO1 homologs in Arabidopsis and peach showed root-specific expression. Promoter-reporter constructs revealed that AtDRO1 is predominantly expressed in both the root vasculature and root tips, in a distinct developmental pattern. Mutation of AtDRO1 led to more horizontal lateral root angles. Overexpression of AtDRO1 under a constitutive promoter resulted in steeper lateral root angles, as well as shoot phenotypes including upward leaf curling, shortened siliques and narrow lateral branch angles. A conserved C-terminal EAR-like motif found in IGT genes was required for these ectopic phenotypes. Overexpression of PpeDRO1 in Prunus domestica (plum) led to deeper-rooting phenotypes. Collectively, these data indicate a potential application for DRO1-related genes to alter root architecture for drought avoidance and improved resource use.

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“…However, the ability of nutrient uptake may not be solely due to differences in root size, but also depends on nutrient uptake kinetics that define root functioning (Pang et al, 2015). Further, plant root architecture is controlled by several well-described signalling pathways, which are notably linked to hormone action (Mansoorkhani et al, 2014). Root tissues are generated by the root apical meristem (RAM), representing a radial patterning that consists of concentric cell layers of epidermis, cortex, endodermis and pericycle, which encapsulates the surrounding region of xylem and phloem.…”

Section: Root Architecture Modifications To Optimize Nutrient Acquisimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic roles of microRNAs in nutrient acquisition and plant adaptation under nutrient stress: A review

Shahzad¹,

Harlina²,

Ayaad³

et al. 2018

Plant Omics

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A constant supply of soil nutrients is critical for the normal growth and development of plants. However, most environments are unstable and this variability depends on numerous factors that include availability of water content, pH, redox potential, an abundance of organic matter as well as microorganisms in soils. To overcome these hurdles and to maintain nutritional homeostasis, plants have evolved sophisticated systems for the continuous provision of soil nutrients necessary for their uninterrupted growth. In this pressing scenario, plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a central regulator of nutrients uptake and transport during limited nutrient conditions. Numerous studies establish the intrinsic involvement of miRNAs and their immediate targets facilitating the core mechanisms related to nutrient homeostasis. In this review, we focus on global overview of miRNAs and their dynamic roles involved in keeping nutritional balance within the plants mediated via post-transcriptional regulation by transcript cleavage or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. In addition, we have also focused on some of the forefront plant adaptations mediated by miRNAs during nutrient deficiency, such as root architecture modifications, transport channel modulation, long distance signaling and subsequent nutrient mobilization through phloem. Moreover, plant strategy to bring out such alterations is a highly perplexing mechanism that requires changes at large scale which involves coordinated regulation of miRNAs and plant hormones at multiple levels. Deciphering the underlying miRNAs-based mechanisms for streamlining nutrient uptake and transport would be a giant step towards solving this conundrum.

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Environmental, developmental, and genetic factors controlling root system architecture

Cited by 23 publications

References 162 publications

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin Signaling Fine-Tunes Arabidopsis Iron-Deficiency Responses

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin Signaling Fine-Tunes Arabidopsis Iron-Deficiency Responses

DRO1 influences root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Prunus species

Dynamic roles of microRNAs in nutrient acquisition and plant adaptation under nutrient stress: A review

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