Saccadic compensation for reflexive optokinetic nystagmus just as good as compensation for volitional pursuit

Harrison, William J.; Freeman, Thomas Charles Augustus; Sumner, Petroc

doi:10.1167/15.1.24

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…In Experiment 1, we found non-image signal precision was higher using visual stimuli compared to auditory stimuli. To investigate further, we fit a regression line to the non-image precisions in Figure 7A using Deming’s technique, a procedure that is used when both X and Y values are dependent measures with error (see Harrison, Freeman & Sumner, 2015). The result is shown in Figure 9, together with the two non-image precision values found in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The precision of signals encoding active self-movement

Haynes,

Gallagher,

Culling

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Everyday actions like moving the head, walking around and reaching out to grasp objects are typically self-controlled. This presents a problem when studying the signals encoding such actions because active self-movement is difficult to experimentally control. Available techniques demand repeatable trials, but each action is unique, making it difficult to measure fundamental properties like psychophysical thresholds. Here, we present a novel paradigm that can be used to recover both precision and bias of self-movement signals with minimal constraint on the participant. The paradigm takes care of a hidden source of external noise not previously accounted for in techniques that link display motion to self-movement in real time (e.g. virtual reality). We use head rotations as an example of self-movement, and show that the precision of the signals encoding head movement depends on whether they are being used to judge visual motion or auditory motion. We find perceived motion is slowed during head movement in both cases, indicating that the "non-image" signals encoding active head rotation (motor commands, proprioception and vestibular cues) are biased to lower speeds and/or displacements. In a second experiment, we trained participants to rotate their heads at different rates and found that the precision of the head rotation signal rises proportionally with head speed (Weber's Law). We discuss the findings in terms of the different motion cues used by vision and hearing, and the implications they have for Bayesian models of motion perception.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The precision of signals encoding active self-movement

Haynes,

Gallagher,

Culling

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Perceiving Depth from Texture and Disparity Cues: Evidence for a Non-Probabilistic Account of Cue Integration

Kemp

Cesanek

Domini

2022

Preprint

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The fundamental question of how the brain derives 3D information from the inherently ambiguous visual input has been approached during the last two decades with probabilistic theories of 3D perception. Probabilistic models, such as the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) model, derive from multiple independent depth cues the most probable 3D interpretations. These estimates are then combined by weighing them according to their uncertainty to obtain the most accurate and least noisy estimate. In three experiments we tested an alternative theory of cue integration termed the Intrinsic Constraint (IC) theory. This theory postulates that the visual system does not derive the most probable interpretation of the visual input, but the most stable interpretation amid variations in viewing conditions. This goal is achieved with the Vector Sum model, that represents individual cue estimates as components of a multidimensional vector whose norm determines the combined output. In contrast with the MLE model, individual cue estimates are not accurate, but linearly related to distal 3D properties through a deterministic mapping. In Experiment 1, we measured the cue-specific biases that arise when viewing single-cue stimuli of various simulated depths and show that the Vector Sum model accurately predicts an increase in perceived depth when the same cues are presented together in a combined-cue stimulus. In Experiment 2, we show how Just Noticeable Differences (JNDs) are accounted for by the IC theory and demonstrate that the Vector Sum model predicts the classic finding of smaller JNDs for combined-cue versus single-cue stimuli. Most importantly, this prediction is made through a radical re-interpretation of the JND, a hallmark measure of stimulus discriminability previously thought to estimate perceptual uncertainty. In Experiment 3, we show that biases found in cue-integration experiments cannot be attributed to flatness cues, as assumed by the MLE model. Instead, we show that flatness cues produce no measurable difference in perceived depth for monocular (3A) or binocular viewing (3B), as predicted by the Vector Sum model.

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Serial Dependence in Position Perception Occurs at the Time of Perception

Manassi

Liberman

Kosovicheva

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Observers perceive objects in the world as stable over space and time, even though the visual experience of those objects is often discontinuous and distorted due to masking, occlusion, camouflage, noise, etc. How are we able to easily and quickly achieve stable perception in spite of this constantly changing visual input? It was previously shown that observers experience serial dependence in the perception of features and objects, an effect that extends up to 15 seconds back in time. Here, we asked whether the visual system utilizes an object's prior physical location to inform future position assignments in order to maximize location stability of an object over time. To test this, we presented subjects with small targets at random angular locations relative to central fixation in the peripheral visual field. Subjects reported the perceived location of the target on each trial by adjusting a cursor's position to match its location. Subjects made consistent errors when reporting the perceived position of the target on the current trial, mislocalizing it toward the position of the target in the preceding two trials (Experiment 1). This pull in position perception occurred even when a response was not required on the previous trial (Experiment 2). In addition, we show that serial dependence in perceived position occurs immediately after stimulus presentation, and is a fast stabilization mechanism that does not require a delay (Experiment 3). This indicates that serial dependence occurs for position representations and facilitates the stable perception of objects in space. Taken together with previous work, our results show that serial dependence occurs at many stages of visual processing, from initial position assignment to object categorization. Introduction:

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Saccadic compensation for reflexive optokinetic nystagmus just as good as compensation for volitional pursuit

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

The precision of signals encoding active self-movement

The precision of signals encoding active self-movement

Perceiving Depth from Texture and Disparity Cues: Evidence for a Non-Probabilistic Account of Cue Integration

Serial Dependence in Position Perception Occurs at the Time of Perception

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