256 Gb/s Four-Channel SDM-Based PAM4 FSO-UWOC Convergent System

Tsai, Wen-Shing; Li, Chung‐Yi; Lu, Haifei; Lu, Yifeng; Tu, Shi-Cheng; Huang, Yong-Cheng

doi:10.1109/jphot.2019.2900994

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our previous study demonstrated a 256-Gb/s four-channel space-division-multiplexing (SDM)-based PAM4 FSO-UWOC integrated system [5]. The 50 m free-space transmission in our previous work is much shorter than the associated value of 500 m operated in this proposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) fourlevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO)-underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) integrated system with a channel capacity of 100 Gb/s is proposed and attainably demonstrated. Analytic results reveal that 1.8-GHz 405-nm blue-violet-light and 1.7-GHz 450-nm blue-light laser diodes (LDs) with two-stage light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques are competently adopted for 100 Gb/s PAM4 signal transmission through a 500-m free-space transmission with 5-m clear ocean underwater link. Combining dual-wavelength WDM scenario with PAM4 modulation, the channel capacity of FSO-UWOC integrated systems is significantly enhanced with an aggregate transmission rate of 100 Gb/s (25 Gbaud PAM4/wavelength × 2 wavelengths). With doublet lenses in FSO, laser beam reducer and transmissive spatial light modulator in UWOC, a sufficiently low bit error rate of 10 −9 and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are acquired. This demonstrated 100 Gb/s PAM4 FSO-UWOC integrated system with a WDM scenario is advantageous for the enhancement of a high-speed optical wireless link with long-reach transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Owing to the fast evolution of FSO-UWOC integrated systems, they can deliver some tens gigabit data rate over a free-space link with an underwater channel [5]- [7]. With the rising demands for FSO-UWOC integration, constructing a high-speed FSO-UWOC integrated system with long-range transmission (as illustrated Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Given the characteristics of FSO communication and UWLT system, they can provide high transmission rate over a free-space transmission with an underwater link. With the rapid progress of FSO communication and UWLT system, constructing a high-speed FSO-UWLT convergence is vitally important 12 , 13 . In an actual scenario, no UWLT system passes through the air–water–air interface as the laser beam should flee or enter from the top of the water 14 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water–air–piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water–air–turbid water link is successfully constructed. Incorporating PAM4 modulation with an 8-wavelength WDM scheme greatly increases the total transmission rate of the WDM-PAM4 OWC system to 400 Gb/s (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). By adopting doublet lenses in free-space transmission, a laser beam reducer/expander and a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an angle expander through the water–air–water link, good bit error rate performance and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are obtained. Using a reflective SLM with an angle expander not only adaptively adjusts the laser beam, but also effectively solves the oceanic engineering problems. This demonstrates WDM-PAM4 OWC system outperforms existing OWC systems through the free-space transmission with an air–water–air link because it can solve the practical engineering problems in actual oceanic environments.

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“…Free-space optical (FSO)-underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) convergent system is a promising one to conquer the connectivity difficulties [1]- [4]. It is an attractive convergence that has a number of advantages, such as license-free propagation, reuse of atmospherical/underwater operating bandwidths, high directionality, and no electromagnetic interference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the implementation of doublet lenses in FSO communications [19]- [21] and laser beam reducer/expander in UWOC links, excellent bit error rate (BER) performance and accepted PAM4 eye diagrams are attained in such demonstrated FSO-UWOC convergent system. Our former work built a 256-Gb/s PAM4 FSO-UWOC convergent system with a four-channel space-division-multiplexing (SDM) scheme [1]. However, four sets of doublet lenses are envisioned to build such complex and costly four-channel SDM FSO-UWOC convergent system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

500 Gb/s PAM4 FSO-UWOC Convergent System With a R/G/B Five-Wavelength Polarization-Multiplexing Scheme

Tsai

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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A 500-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO)underwater wireless laser transmission (UWOC) convergent system over 100 m free-space transmission with either 10 m piped underwater link or 5 m turbid underwater link is established, employing a red/green/blue (R/G/B) five-wavelength polarization-multiplexing scheme as a demonstration for the first time. Integrating PAM4 modulation with five-wavelength polarization-multiplexing scheme, the channel capacity of FSO-UWOC convergent systems is significantly increased with an aggregate data rate of 500 Gb/s [50 Gb/s PAM4/wavelength × 5 wavelengths × 2 polarizations (p-and s-polarizations)]. Results reveal that five R/G/B laser diode (LD) transmitters with two-stage light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques are capably adopted for 500 Gb/s PAM4 signal transmission. Compared with prior FSO-UWOC convergence and visible light communication using polarization-multiplexing R/G/B LDs, it shows a prominent one with the benefits of high aggregate transmission rate and long-range optical wireless link. Excellent bit error rate performance and accepted PAM4 eye diagrams are attained over a 110-m/105-m FSO-UWOC link. This demonstrated five-wavelength polarization-multiplexing FSO-UWOC convergent system is promising because it not only integrates free-space backbone with underwater optical wireless feeder, but it also substantially multiplies total channel capacity.

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256 Gb/s Four-Channel SDM-Based PAM4 FSO-UWOC Convergent System

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

500 Gb/s PAM4 FSO-UWOC Convergent System With a R/G/B Five-Wavelength Polarization-Multiplexing Scheme

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