Neural Control of the Circulation: How Sex and Age Differences Interact in Humans

Joyner, Michael J.; Barnes, Jill N.; Hart, Emma C J; Wallin, B. Gunnar; Charkoudian, Nisha

doi:10.1002/cphy.c140005

Cited by 77 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…26 In the present study, blood flow at rest was found to be lower in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal women, which is in agreement with a higher basal sympathetic tone in the postmenopausal group. The central sympathoinhibitory effect of estrogen is likely to be amplified by enhanced β 2 -mediated vasodilation as β 2 -adrenergic blockade augments the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine in premenopausal women to a level similar to that of postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

et al. 2016

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The postmenopausal phase is associated with an accelerated rate of rise in the prevalence of vascular dysfunction and hypertension; however, the mechanisms underlying these adverse vascular changes and whether exercise training can reverse the decline in vascular function remains unclear. We examined the function of the vascular prostanoid system in matched pre- and postmenopausal women before and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Twenty premenopausal and 16 early postmenopausal (3.1±0.5 [mean±SE] years after final menstrual period) women only separated by 4 (50±0 versus 54±1) years of age were included. Before the training period, the vasodilator response to intra-arterial infusion of either the prostacyclin analog epoprostenol or acetylcholine was lower (≈13%–41%; P <0.05) in the postmenopausal compared with the premenopausal women. Acetylcholine infusion induced a similar release of prostacyclin (6-keto prostaglandin F 1a ). To elucidate the role of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, acetylcholine infusion was combined with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac and here the vascular response to acetylcholine was reduced to a similar extent in pre- and postmenopausal women. Exercise training increased ( P <0.05) the vasodilator response to epoprostenol (≈100%–150%) and acetylcholine (≈100%–120%) infusion in the postmenopausal group. These findings demonstrate that the early postmenopausal phase is associated with a marked reduction in vascular function. Despite of a reduced sensitivity to prostacyclin, the overall balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor prostanoids does not seem to be altered. Exercise training can reverse the decline in vascular sensitivity to epoprostenol and acetylcholine, suggesting that beneficial vascular adaptations with exercise training are preserved in recent postmenopausal women.

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Section: Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

et al. 2016

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“…Given the involvement of MSNA in blood pressure regulation, reductions in MSNA in individuals with MS, taken together with the current findings, indicate an impaired sympathetic modulation of the vasculature in MS in response to hypotensive stimuli. Given that women are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with MS along with strong evidence that suggest vasoconstrictor responsiveness is blunted in young women, the impact of reduced baroreflex-mediated vasoconstriction may be compounded (Hogarth et al 2007;Joyner et al 2015;Kneale et al 2000;National Multiple Sclerosis Society 2016b). Furthermore, men living with MS progress more rapidly, which may lead to greater carotid baroreflex dysfunction (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure in multiple sclerosis

Huang

Allen

Keller

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Huang M, Allen DR, Keller DM, Fadel PJ, Frohman EM, Davis SL. Impaired carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure in multiple sclerosis. J Neurophysiol 116: 81-87, 2016. First published April 13, 2016 doi:10.1152/jn.00003.2016.-Multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive neurological disease, can lead to impairments in the autonomic control of cardiovascular function. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (n ϭ 10; 7 females, 3 males; 13 Ϯ 4 yr from diagnosis) exhibit impaired carotid baroreflex control of blood pressure and heart rate compared with sex, age, and body weight-matched healthy individuals (CON: n ϭ 10; 7 females, 3 males). At rest, 5-s trials of neck pressure (NP; ϩ40 Torr) and neck suction (NS; Ϫ60 Torr) were applied to simulate carotid hypotension and hypertension, respectively, while mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO; Modelflow), and total vascular conductance (TVC) were continuously measured. In response to NP, there was a blunted increase in peak MAP responses (MS: 5 Ϯ 2 mmHg) in individuals with MS compared with healthy controls (CON: 9 Ϯ 3 mmHg; P ϭ 0.005), whereas peak HR responses were not different between groups. At the peak MAP response to NP, individuals with MS demonstrated an attenuated decrease in TVC (MS, Ϫ10 Ϯ 4% baseline vs. CON, Ϫ15 Ϯ 4% baseline, P ϭ 0.012), whereas changes in CO were similar between groups. Following NS, all cardiovascular responses (i.e., nadir MAP and HR and percent changes in CO and TVC) were not different between MS and CON groups. These data suggest that individuals with MS have impaired carotid baroreflex control of blood pressure via a blunted vascular conductance response resulting in a diminished ability to increase MAP in response to a hypotensive challenge.baroreceptors; heart rate; sympathetic nervous system; carotid hypotension; carotid hypertension MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), the most common disabling neurological disorder of young adults, is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (Edmonds et al. 2010). This disease results in the demyelination of axons leading to slowed or blocked nerve conduction and ultimately axonal loss within the brain and spinal cord. Abnormal nerve conduction resulting from demyelination disrupts communication to, from, and within the central nervous system causing a constellation of neurological clinical signs and symptoms (Lubin 2005;Oger 2007).Because the underlying pathophysiology of MS becomes more severe as areas of disease progression get larger and involve more of the central nervous system, it is likely the autonomic nervous system is affected (Lubin 2005). Case in point, impaired autonomic control of cardiovascular function has been reported in up to two-thirds of individuals with MS (Acevedo et al. 2000;Nasseri et al. 1998). The most perilous health-related concern related to this autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction is the prevalence of orthostasis-related symptomology (i.e., orthostat...

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“…This proposal requires further investigation and the situation may be different in healthy subjects and those with elevated sympathetic drive a priori (Roveda et al 2003;Carter and Ray 2015). It is also now clear that important differences in autonomic function may result from differences in receptor density and function that exist between men and women of different ages (Green et al 2015;Joyner et al 2015).…”

Section: Some Things We Do Not Know About Exercise Training and Artermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise on Vascular Function, Structure, and Health in Humans

Green

Smith

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

108

101

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Physical activity has profound impacts on the vasculature in humans. Acute exercise induces immediate changes in artery function, whereas repeated episodic bouts of exercise induce chronic functional adaptation and, ultimately, structural arterial remodeling. The nature of these changes in function and structure are dependent on the characteristics of the training load and may be modulated by other factors such as exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. The clinical implications of these physiological adaptations are profound. Exercise impacts on the development of atherosclerosis and on the incidence of primary and secondary cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Exercise also plays a role in the amelioration of other chronic diseases that possess a vascular etiology, including diabetes and dementia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of exercise on the vasculature are both primary and secondary in nature, in that the benefits conferred by changes in cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid profiles and blood pressure occur in concert with direct effects of arterial shear stress and mechanotransduction. From an evolutionary perspective, exercise is an essential stimulus for the maintenance of vascular health: exercise is vascular medicine.

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Neural Control of the Circulation: How Sex and Age Differences Interact in Humans

Cited by 77 publications

References 111 publications

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

Impaired carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure in multiple sclerosis

Effects of Exercise on Vascular Function, Structure, and Health in Humans

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