Uncertainty Evaluation of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique

Kreuzeder, Andreas; Santner, Jakob; Zhang, Hao; Prohaska, Thomas; Wenzel, Walter W.

doi:10.1021/es504533e

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results obtained using the DGT method are more consistent (the standard error is up to 10 %) (Kreuzeder et al 2015) than the results for the total and the watersoluble concentrations of the tested elements, where the standard errors are high owing to large inhomogeneity of the forest soil. The DGT approach minimizes the effect of the soil inhomogeneity (Zhang et al 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effective Concentration of Elements in Root Zone of Norway Spruce Stand 16 Years After Fertilization Probed with DGT

Jakl

Dytrtová

Kuneš

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The changes in the availability of selected elements (Ca, Mg, K, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) 16 years after amphibolite treatment were studied in the root zone of spruce (40 and 80 cm from the stem base) using the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique. The effective concentrations of some of the tested elements significantly increased (Ca (34 %), Mg (31 %), K (65 %), Al (143 %), Fe (242 %), and Pb (27 %)) in 80 cm distance from the stem, whereas the total and the water-soluble concentrations of the elements did not differ from the control. The changes in effective concentrations of the elements in soil were related to higher vitality of the trees on amended soil in contrast to the control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effective Concentration of Elements in Root Zone of Norway Spruce Stand 16 Years After Fertilization Probed with DGT

Jakl

Dytrtová

Kuneš

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Simulation runs with and without DBL were performed for investigating the effect of solute species ( D water , D gel ), r phys , Δ g , and δ on solute diffusion through the DBL. As we expected the ratio of the diffusion coefficients, D gel / D water , to determine the effect of the diffusion coefficient, arsenate ( D water = 9.05 × 10 –6 cm 2 s –1 , D gel = 5.93 × 10 –6 cm 2 s –1 ) 15 , 16 and Cd ( D water = 7.17 × 10 –6 cm 2 s –1 , D gel = 6.09 × 10 –6 cm 2 s –1 ) 6 , 15 , 20 were chosen as additional solutes to cover a wide range of D gel / D water ratios. Potential differences in the flux decrease due to the DBL in the 1D and 3D situation were evaluated using where the index DBL denotes a specific DBL thickness, while the index “0” denotes δ = 0. f DBL / f 0 is the sampler flux decrease caused by the presence of the DBL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Evaluation of Lateral Diffusion Inside Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Samplers

Santner

Kreuzeder

Schnepf

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Using numerical simulation of diffusion inside diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) samplers, we show that the effect of lateral diffusion inside the sampler on the solute flux into the sampler is a nonlinear function of the diffusion layer thickness and the physical sampling window size. In contrast, earlier work concluded that this effect was constant irrespective of parameters of the sampler geometry. The flux increase caused by lateral diffusion inside the sampler was determined to be ∼8.8% for standard samplers, which is considerably lower than the previous estimate of ∼20%. Lateral diffusion is also propagated to the diffusive boundary layer (DBL), where it leads to a slightly stronger decrease in the mass uptake than suggested by the common 1D diffusion model that is applied for evaluating DGT results. We introduce a simple correction procedure for lateral diffusion and demonstrate how the effect of lateral diffusion on diffusion in the DBL can be accounted for. These corrections often result in better estimates of the DBL thickness (δ) and the DGT-measured concentration than earlier approaches and will contribute to more accurate concentration measurements in solute monitoring in waters.

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“…However, in a more extensive consideration of the uncertainty budget of DGT-LA-ICPMS analysis we showed that relative combined standard uncertainties of up to 45% have to be expected for the analysis of SPR-IDA-Zr-hydroxide gels, with the major uncertainty contributors being the normalised signal and the intercept of the calibration [179].…”

Section: Internal Normalisation and Analytical Precisionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Two decades of chemical imaging of solutes in sediments and soils – a review

Santner

Larsen

Kreuzeder

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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168

130

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The increasing appreciation of the small-scale (sub-mm) heterogeneity of biogeochemical processes in sediments, wetlands and soils has led to the development of several methods for high-resolution two-dimensional imaging of solute distribution in porewaters. Over the past decades, localised sampling of solutes (diffusive equilibration in thin films, diffusive gradients in thin films) followed by planar luminescent sensors (planar optodes) have been used as analytical tools for studies on solute distribution and dynamics. These approaches have provided new conceptual and quantitative understanding of biogeochemical processes regulating the distribution of key elements and solutes including O2, CO2, pH, redox conditions as well as nutrient and contaminant ion species in structurally complex soils and sediments. Recently these methods have been applied in parallel or integrated as so-called sandwich sensors for multianalyte measurements. Here we review the capabilities and limitations of the chemical imaging methods that are currently at hand, using a number of case studies, and provide an outlook on potential future developments for two-dimensional solute imaging in soils and sediments.

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Uncertainty Evaluation of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Effective Concentration of Elements in Root Zone of Norway Spruce Stand 16 Years After Fertilization Probed with DGT

Effective Concentration of Elements in Root Zone of Norway Spruce Stand 16 Years After Fertilization Probed with DGT

Numerical Evaluation of Lateral Diffusion Inside Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Samplers

Two decades of chemical imaging of solutes in sediments and soils – a review

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