Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected withEscherichia colimastitis

Abstract

Cows infected with Escherichia (E.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milk yield, and altered milk composition. In order to investigate the host response to E. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitis treatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe E. coli mastitis. Changes of mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and label-free proteomic approaches. A total of 95 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of these, 56 proteins were categorized according to molecular function, cellular component, and biological processes. The most frequent biological processes influenced by the proteins were response to stress, transport, and establishment of localization. Furthermore, a network analysis of the proteins with altered expression in mammary tissues demonstrated that these factors are predominantly involved with binding and structural molecule activities. Vimentin and α-enolase were central "functional hubs" in the network. Based on results from the present study, disease-induced alterations of protein expression in mammary glands and potential markers for the effective treatment of E. coli mastitis were identified. These data have also helped elucidate defense mechanisms that protect the mammary glands and promote the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis.

Short communication: Comparative proteomic analysis of the lactating and nonlactating bovine mammary gland

“…Comparing the lactating and nonlactating tissues, the high abundance of 2 ATPase components [v-type proton ATPase subunit B and ATP synthase subunit β (ATP5B)] and 2 mitochondrial enzymes [NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 1 and inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 (PPA1)] in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway (Figure 2 and Supplemental Table S2; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12366) likely contributed to support this ATP demand by facilitating mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation process (Benit et al, 2001;Martin et al, 2005;Houreld et al, 2012). Similar changes of several ATPase subunits (including ATP5B and ATP5H) were also identified by Huang et al (2014) and Zhao et al (2015), who compared healthy and mastitic MG. Several upregulated DEP were significantly enriched in several carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways (such as carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway; Figure 2). For glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, 5 increased DEP [acetyl-CoA synthetase 1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase-like, α-enolase, and fructose-bisphosphatase 1] were critical for glucose metabolism during lactation.…”

Foodomics in microbiological investigations

“…Examples of recent studies that advanced our knowledge of food microbes, such as the changes in the proteome in the mammary tissue of cows infected with E. coli [40] and identification of fermentation and proteome profiles of L. plantarum strains during growth under food-like conditions [41]. However, current limitations include the low level of detailed molecular identification and the need for improved bioinformatic software suites to deal with the large dataset outputs.…”

Genome Wide Prediction, Mapping and Development of Genomic Resources of Mastitis Associated Genes in Water Buffalo

“…With respect to biological processes, genes such as toll like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), complement C3 (C3), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and CD14 molecule (CD14) were found to be involved in inflammatory response (44)(45)(46)(47). These genes along with S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were involved in innate immune response (48,49). Interleukin1 beta (IL1B) was involved in processes like fever generation, immune response, and positive regulation of cell division which provides evidence for the cause of symptoms in mastitis disease condition (50).…”