Similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in South Africa

Smith, Anthony M.; Ismail, Husna; Henton, M. M.; Keddy, Karen H.

doi:10.3855/jidc.5393

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Three of the five studies found that NTS recovered from children and adults in some African settings were originated from human reservoirs despite NTS is commonly considered to be zoonotic and close contacts between humans and animals were observed (231)(232)(233). In contrast, two other studies found PFGE patterns of NTS isolates from wildlife and poultry were matched to or clustered with those isolated from children and adults, suggesting zoonotic transmission (234,235). On study further supported transmission from poultry by phage typing (235).…”

Section: Applications Of Microbial Subtypingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Benefits and Risks of Smallholder Livestock Production on Child Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chen

Mechlowitz

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Livestock production may improve nutritional outcomes of pregnant women and children by increasing household income, availability of nutrient-dense foods, and women's empowerment. Nevertheless, the relationship is complex, and the nutritional status of children may be impaired by presence of or proximity to livestock and their pathogens. In this paper, we review the benefits and risks of livestock production on child nutrition. Evidence supports the nutritional benefits of livestock farming through income, production, and women's empowerment. Increasing animal source food consumption requires a combination of efforts, including improved animal management so that herd size is adequate to meet household income needs and consumption and addressing sociocultural and gendered norms. Evidence supports the inclusion of behavior change communication strategies into livestock production interventions to facilitate the sustainability of nutritional benefits over time, particularly interventions that engage women and foster dimensions of women's empowerment. In evaluating the risks of livestock production, evidence indicates that a broad range of enteric pathogens may chronically infect the intestines of children and, in combination with dietary deficits, may cause environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic inflammation of the gut. Some of the most important pathogens associated with EED are zoonotic in nature with livestock as their main reservoir. Very few studies have aimed to understand which livestock species contribute most to colonization with these pathogens, or how to reduce transmission. Control at the point of exposure has been investigated in a few studies, but much less effort has been spent on improving animal husbandry practices, which may have additional benefits. There is an urgent need for dedicated and long-term research to understand which livestock species contribute most to exposure of young children to zoonotic enteric pathogens, to test the potential of a wide range of intervention methods, to assess their effectiveness in randomized trials, and to assure their broad adaptation and sustainability. This review highlights the benefits and risks of livestock production on child nutrition. In addition to identifying research gaps, findings support inclusion of poor gut health as an immediate determinant of child undernutrition, expanding the established UNICEF framework which includes only inadequate diet and disease.

show abstract

Section: Applications Of Microbial Subtypingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Benefits and Risks of Smallholder Livestock Production on Child Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chen

Mechlowitz

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings fit with prior evidence of similar molecular profiles among S . Enteritidis strains collected from humans and chickens ( 22 ) and from humans and other animals ( 23 ). Our analyses also identified a close relationship between S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Chile Provides Insights into Possible Transmission between Gulls, Poultry, and Humans

Toro

Retamal

Ayers

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis is a major cause of human salmonellosis worldwide; however, little is known about the genetic relationships between S. Enteritidis clinical strains and S. Enteritidis strains from other sources in Chile. We compared the whole genomes of 30 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from gulls, domestic chicken eggs, and humans in Chile, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and to establish their relatedness to international strains. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis showed that only 246/4,065 shared loci differed among these Chilean strains, separating them into two clusters (I and II), with cluster II being further divided into five subclusters. One subcluster (subcluster 2) contained strains from all surveyed sources that differed at 1 to 18 loci (of 4,065 loci) with 1 to 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suggesting interspecies transmission of S. Enteritidis in Chile. Moreover, clusters were formed by strains that were distant geographically, which could imply that gulls might be spreading the pathogen throughout the country. Our cgMLST analysis, using other S. Enteritidis genomes available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, showed that S. Enteritidis strains from Chile and the United States belonged to different lineages, which suggests that S. Enteritidis regional markers might exist and could be used for trace-back investigations. IMPORTANCE This study highlights the importance of gulls in the spread of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chile. We revealed a close genetic relationship between some human and gull S. Enteritidis strains (with as few as 2 of 4,065 genes being different), and we also found that gull strains were present in clusters formed by strains isolated from other sources or distant locations. Together with previously published evidence, this suggests that gulls might be spreading this pathogen between different regions in Chile and that some of those strains have been transmitted to humans. Moreover, we discovered that Chilean S. Enteritidis strains clustered separately from most of S. Enteritidis strains isolated throughout the world (in the GenBank database) and thus it might be possible to distinguish the geographical origins of strains based on specific genomic features. This could be useful for trace-back investigations of foodborne illnesses throughout the world.

show abstract

“…Faeces are also routinely used to screen for pathogenic bacteria by standard microbiological techniques or molecular identification (Clostridium perfringens [47]; Rickettsia felis [48]; Salmonella enterica serovar. Enteritidis [49] and Typhimurium [50]; Mycobacterium bovis [51]), and nowadays, high-throughput metagenomic techniques allow us to characterise the whole gut microbial community composition at once including the pathogenic bacteria from a single faecal sample [52,53]. Of course, in a One Health context, faeces from wildlife can also be used to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR), either by screening for AMR genes through molecular methods, or by culture and phenotypical methods (e.g., [54] on Staphilococcus aureus in lemurs).…”

Section: Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Non-Invasive Sampling in Wildlife Disease and Health Research: What’s New?

Schilling

Mazzamuto

Romeo

2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the last decades, wildlife diseases and the health status of animal populations have gained increasing attention from the scientific community as part of a One Health framework. Furthermore, the need for non-invasive sampling methods with a minimal impact on wildlife has become paramount in complying with modern ethical standards and regulations, and to collect high-quality and unbiased data. We analysed the publication trends on non-invasive sampling in wildlife health and disease research and offer a comprehensive review on the different samples that can be collected non-invasively. We retrieved 272 articles spanning from 1998 to 2021, with a rapid increase in number from 2010. Thirty-nine percent of the papers were focussed on diseases, 58% on other health-related topics, and 3% on both. Stress and other physiological parameters were the most addressed research topics, followed by viruses, helminths, and bacterial infections. Terrestrial mammals accounted for 75% of all publications, and faeces were the most widely used sample. Our review of the sampling materials and collection methods highlights that, although the use of some types of samples for specific applications is now consolidated, others are perhaps still underutilised and new technologies may offer future opportunities for an even wider use of non-invasively collected samples.

show abstract

Similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Benefits and Risks of Smallholder Livestock Production on Child Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Benefits and Risks of Smallholder Livestock Production on Child Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Chile Provides Insights into Possible Transmission between Gulls, Poultry, and Humans

A Review of Non-Invasive Sampling in Wildlife Disease and Health Research: What’s New?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About