Gender-Associated Differential Expression of Cytokines in Specific Areas of the Brain During Helminth Infection

López-Griego, Lorena; Nava-Castro, Karen Elizabeth; López-Salazar, Valeria; Hernández-Cervantes, Rosalía; Guzmán, Nelly Tiempos; Muñiz-Hernández, Saé; Hernández-Bello, Romel; Besedovsky, Hugo O.; Pavón, Lenin; Becerril-Villanueva, Enrique; Morales‐Montor, Jorge

doi:10.1089/jir.2013.0141

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, we found low or undetectable levels of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, with no differences between infected and control animals. These findings contrast those of Lopez-Griego et al (2015), who using quantitative PCR for cytokine mRNA found a modest but significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 but not IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampi of infected female mice. This technique may be more sensitive than ELISAs, although to what degree mRNA expression relates to differences in translated cytokine levels is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Taenia infection increases immunoglobulins in the central nervous system.

Belle

Lange

Tomes

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human cysticercosis is a disease caused by larvae of the cestode Taenia solium. It is the most common cause of adult-acquired epilepsy world-wide where it exacts a debilitating toll on the health and well-being of affected communities. It is commonly assumed that the major symptoms associated with cysticercosis are a result of the direct presence of larvae in the brain. As a result, the possible effect of peripherally located larvae on the central nervous system are not well understood. To address this question, we utilised the Taenia crassiceps intra-peritoneal murine model of cysticercosis, where larvae are restricted to the peritoneal cavity. In this model, previous research has observed behavioural changes in rodents but not the development of seizures. Here we used ELISAs, immunoblotting and the Evans Blue test for blood-brain barrier permeability to explore the central effects of peripheral infection of mice with Taenia crassiceps. We identified high levels of parasite-targeting immunoglobulins in the serum of Taenia crassiceps infected mice. We show that the Taenia crassciceps larvae themselves also contain and release host immunoglobulins over time. Additionally, we describe, for the first time, significantly increased levels of IgG within the hippocampi of infected mice, which are accompanied by changes in blood-brain barrier permeability. However, these Taenia crassiceps induced changes were not accompanied by alterations to the levels of proinflammatory, pro-seizure cytokines in the hippocampus. These findings contribute to the understanding of systemic and neuroimmune responses in the Taenia crassiceps model of cysticercosis, with implications for the pathogenesis of human cysticercosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Taenia infection increases immunoglobulins in the central nervous system.

Belle

Lange

Tomes

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the level of neutralizing antibody production has been reported to be associated with the intensity of IFNγ induction in lymph nodes [ 41 ], the higher neutralizing antibody production in CTRs may be explained by the marginally higher IFNγ transcription in the draining PLNs of the CTRs compared to the NZWRs especially on day 7 pi ( Figure 5 G,H,I). Furthermore, upregulated IFNγ expression in the spleen and the CNS has been reported to be associated with peripheral parasitic infection in mice [ 42 , 43 ]. Potential background parasitic infection in feral CTRs may, therefore, play an important role in shaping the IFNγ and the associated neutralizing antibody response in flavivirus-challenged feral rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Rabbits: An Alternative Model for Studying Induction of Disease and Virus Control

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The economic impact of non-lethal human and equine West Nile virus (WNV) disease is substantial, since it is the most common presentation of the infection. Experimental infection with virulent WNV strains in the mouse and hamster models frequently results in severe neural infection and moderate to high mortality, both of which are not representative features of most human and equine infections. We have established a rabbit model for investigating pathogenesis and immune response of non-lethal WNV infection. Two species of rabbits, New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and North American cottontail (Sylvilagus sp.), were experimentally infected with virulent WNV and Murray Valley encephalitis virus strains. Infected rabbits exhibited a consistently resistant phenotype, with evidence of low viremia, minimal-absent neural infection, mild-moderate neuropathology, and the lack of mortality, even though productive virus replication occurred in the draining lymph node. The kinetics of anti-WNV neutralizing antibody response was comparable to that commonly seen in infected horses and humans. This may be explained by the early IFNα/β and/or γ response evident in the draining popliteal lymph node. Given this similarity to the human and equine disease, immunocompetent rabbits are, therefore, a valuable animal model for investigating various aspects of non-lethal WNV infections.

show abstract

“…Thus, we cannot study the effect of neuroimmune interactions on an immune system that remains static, so we demonstrated the effect on physiologically or pathological relevant conditions, that is, reacting against an antigenic challenge and interacting with other systems, in our case the CNS deprived of myelin. Despite our extensive work studying the neuroendocrine system and the immune response, in the context of an antigenic challenge, we must also take into account the influence of infection on other systems [24, 25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lack of myelin in the mutanttaieprat induces a differential immune response related to protection to the human parasiteTrichinella spiralis

Nava-Castro

Cortes

Eguíbar

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

24Taiep rat is a myelin mutant with a progressive motor syndrome characterized by tremor, 25 ataxia, immobility episodes, epilepsy and paralysis of the hindlimbs, accompanied with differential 26 expression of interleukins and their receptors that correlated with the progressive demyelination that 27 characterize this mutant. Thus, the taiep rat is a suitable model to study neuroimmune alterations.28 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune alterations present in the mutant taiep rat during 29 the acute infection with Trichinella spiralis. Our results show that there is an important decrease in 30 the number of intestinal larvae in the taiep rat when compared to the Sprague-Dawley control rats. 31 We also found differences in the percentage of innate and adaptive immune cell profile in the 32 mesenteric lymphatic nodes and the spleen associated to the lack of myelin in the taiep rat. Finally, a 33 clear pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern was seen in the infected taiep rat, which may explain the 34 decrease in larvae number. These results sustain the theory that neuroimmune interaction is a 35 fundamental process capable of modulating the immune response, particularly against the parasite 36 Trichinella spiralis in a model of progressive demyelination that could be an important mechanism in 37 autoimmune diseases and parasite infection. 39Author summary 40 The complex communication among the brain and the immune system may be certainly 41 altered during an infection and may be determinant in the resolution of this. We analyze the immune 42 response to a parasite in a rat model in which a demyelinization process occur naturally and found 43 that parasite loads were reduced when comparing with control subjects and this was accompanied to 44 changes in the systemic immune response.3 45 Introduction 46The interaction of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems is crucial in the maintenance 47 of homeostasis in vertebrates and it is absolutely vital in mammals [1]. Moreover, hormones and 48 neurotransmitters present in the immune cell microenvironment can restrict their autonomy, probably 49 by acting on receptors of these neuroendocrine factors [2]. Therefore, efficient communication 50 among these three systems implies the existence of afferent and efferent pathways, constituting a 51 complex feedback system that regulates an adequate response in base of different insults. 52Alterations of this network trigger pathologies that involve all the system components. In 53 recent years, information on the multiple functions of the immune system has expanded remarkably;54 one of these functions has been biological adaptation through elimination of pathogens and foreign 55 cells from the organism [3]. All functions require delicate control systems, which will allow 56 adaptation of the organism to different physiological and pathological situations, which will face it a 57 longer life. To meet this end, interaction with nervous and endocrine systems of the organism is 58 necessary [3]. This interaction is const...

show abstract

Gender-Associated Differential Expression of Cytokines in Specific Areas of the Brain During Helminth Infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Peripheral Taenia infection increases immunoglobulins in the central nervous system.

Peripheral Taenia infection increases immunoglobulins in the central nervous system.

Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Rabbits: An Alternative Model for Studying Induction of Disease and Virus Control

The lack of myelin in the mutanttaieprat induces a differential immune response related to protection to the human parasiteTrichinella spiralis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About