Mesenchymal stem cells from the oral cavity and their potential value in tissue engineering

Abstract

Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting humans, and current treatment strategies, which focus on the removal and long-term control of dental plaque, are generally successful in eliminating active disease and promoting tissue repair. However, regeneration of the supporting structures of the tooth remains an elusive goal and a challenge. The formation of new bone and cementum with supportive periodontal ligament is the ultimate objective, but current regeneration therapies are incapable of achieving this in a predictable way. The regeneration of periodontal tissue requires a combination of fundamental events, such as appropriate level and sequencing of regulatory signals, the presence of progenitor cells, an extracellular matrix or carrier and an adequate blood supply. Based on tissue-engineering concepts, the regeneration process may be modulated by manipulating the signaling pathways of regulatory molecules, the extracellular matrix or scaffold, or the cellular components. The identification of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow started a new era in regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells became a therapeutic option with several advantages, including high-quality regeneration of damaged tissues without the formation of fibrous tissue, minimal donor-site morbidity compared with autografts and a low risk of autoimmune rejection and disease transmission. The aim of this review was to describe the main sources of mesenchymal stem cells from tissues in the oral cavity and the potential of these cells in regenerative therapy. Special attention is paid to gingival tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells because they represent the most accessible source of stem cells in the human mouth.

Mucus of Achatina fulica stimulates mineralization and inflammatoryresponse in dental pulp cells

“…These kinds of cells, also known as DPSCs, can be used in tissue engineering (Sanz et al, 2015). Earlier researchers showed that stem cells from tooth pulp can develop into bone and this bone formation activity may be useful for osseointegrated dental implants (Yamada et al, 2010).…”

Advancing biomaterials of human origin for tissue engineering

“…Endeavors in the field of transplantation, alongside the shortage of tissue grafts and donated organs available for use in patients, have prompted the use of cells and biomaterials for the creation of lab-grown tissue/organ replacements that mimic, at least to a large extent, the complexity and functionality of a native tissue [117]. Human MSCs can be obtained from patient-derived tissue materials of mesenchymal origin or tissues derived there from, such as bone marrow, blood, adipose tissue, and, recently, clinically discarded dental-related tissues that have long been considered to be of no use [118–122]. In the last case, a broad spectrum of research has suggested that dental pulp tissue, periodontal ligaments and gingiva can be envisaged as suitable and the most accessible sources of stem cells, whether in a healthy or inflamed state [123–131].…”

Effect of micro-nano-hybrid structured hydroxyapatite bioceramics on osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cell via Wnt signaling pathway

“…In the meantime, an additional standard curve for MTT assay was performed. As previously reported, the cells were seeded in 96-well plates with different densities of 5×10 3 , 1×10 4 , 1.5×10 4 , 2×10 4 , and 2.5×10 4 cell/well and cultured in α-MEM, and then the cell number was quantified by a cell standard curve. 32 All experiments were conducted in triplicate.…”