<i>Magical mystery tour</i>:<scp> MLO</scp> proteins in plant immunity and beyond

Acevedo‐Garcia, Johanna; Kusch, Stefan; Panstruga, Ralph

doi:10.1111/nph.12889

Cited by 190 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…MLOs are a family of plant-specific seven transmembrane proteins required for powdery mildew susceptibility (Acevedo-Garcia et al, 2014). That NORTIA is a MLO protein led to plant-pathogen interaction studies showing that feronia was less susceptible than wild-type plants to powdery mildew.…”

Section: Nortia a Seven Transmembrane Partner In Feronia Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FERONIA and Her Pals: Functions and Mechanisms

2016

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FERONIA and 16 closely related proteins form a distinct clade within the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) superfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLKs), transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain for signal perception and a cytoplasmic domain that phosphorylates target molecules and induces cellular responses to incoming signals. Several members of this family, such as THESEUS1 and ANXUR1,2, are known to play distinct roles in growth and reproduction; FERONIA is unique in being critically involved in both plant growth and reproduction. The FERONIA family of proteins from Arabidopsis is distinguished from other RLKs by having extracellular protein motifs that share homology with malectin, an animal protein with the capacity to bind dimeric and oligomeric Glc. The possibility that these malectin-like motifs might interact with carbohydrates has generated widespread speculations that these receptor kinases could act as cell-wall sensors, communicating perturbations at the frontline of cell-cell and plantenvironment interaction to the cytoplasm to induce responses. Here, we discuss emerging understanding of the functional roles and signaling mechanisms of FERONIA and its related proteins. We also highlight pressing questions, as well as the functional potential of the broader malectin-like domain-containing RLK family that exists across the plant kingdom. We believe FERONIA and her pals provide a rich ground for research with many emerging opportunities for uncovering novel insights into how plants strive for growth and survival.FERONIA/SIRÈNE was first identified genetically more than ten years ago as a key regulator of female fertility in Arabidopsis (Rotman et al., 2003;Huck et al., 2003). It was later determined to be a receptor kinase (Escobar-Restrepo et al., 2007) and one of 17 closely related receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in Arabidopsis ( FERONIA controls growth and female fertility, mediates hormone-and pathogen-induced responses, and is required for a normal cell wall.FERONIA is a receptor for RALF1, a peptide regulatory factor, which affects phosphorylation of FERONIA and the key cell growth regulator H 1 -ATPase.FERONIA-related THESEUS1 suppresses growth in cellulosedeficient mutants, suggesting a role as surveyor of wall conditions.FERONIA homologs ANXUR1 and ANXUR2 ensure pollen tube integrity and male fertility.FERONIA, ANXUR1, and ANXUR2 signaling collectively involves a GPI-AP, a MLO protein, the RHO GTPase switch, NADPH oxidases, and a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase; ROS and Ca 21 are key elements in their functions.

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Section: Nortia a Seven Transmembrane Partner In Feronia Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FERONIA and Her Pals: Functions and Mechanisms

2016

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“…MLO encodes a protein with seven transmembrane domains localized in the plasma membrane and is ubiquitously present in monocots and dicots (Acevedo-Garcia et al, 2014). It had previously been reported that MLO were susceptibility ( S ) genes and that homozygous loss-of-function mutants had significantly increased resistance to powdery mildew in barley, Arabidopsis and tomato (Piffanelli et al, 2004; Consonni et al, 2006; Bai et al, 2008).…”

Section: Crispr/cas-based Strategies Conferring Biotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Enhancement of Plant Disease Resistance Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

et al. 2018

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Genome editing technologies have progressed rapidly and become one of the most important genetic tools in the implementation of pathogen resistance in plants. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of site directed modification methods using meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has largely overtaken the other genome editing technologies due to the fact that it is easier to design and implement, has a higher success rate, and is more versatile and less expensive. This review focuses on the recent advances in plant protection using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in model plants and crops in response to viral, fungal and bacterial diseases. As regards the achievement of viral disease resistance, the main strategies employed in model species such as Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana, which include the integration of CRISPR-encoding sequences that target and interfere with the viral genome and the induction of a CRISPR-mediated targeted mutation in the host plant genome, will be discussed. Furthermore, as regards fungal and bacterial disease resistance, the strategies based on CRISPR/Cas9 targeted modification of susceptibility genes in crop species such as rice, tomato, wheat, and citrus will be reviewed. After spending years deciphering and reading genomes, researchers are now editing and rewriting them to develop crop plants resistant to specific pests and pathogens.

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“…Thus, it is assumed that these proteins are inhibitors of cell death. The lack of them enhances the probability of starting a cascade of reactions which result in the cell death in plants [10–13]. Mlo genes were investigated in barley, wheat, Arabidopsis thaliana , rice, soybean, and rose [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study of Somaclonal Variation in Resistance GenesMloandPme3in Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) Induced by Nanoparticles

Kokina

Mickeviča

Jermaļonoka

et al. 2017

International Journal of Genomics

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Nanoparticles influence on genome is investigated worldwide. The appearance of somaclonal variation is a cause of great concern for any micropropagation system. Somaclonal variation describes the tissue-culture-induced phenotypic and genotypic variations. This paper shows the results of somaclonal variation in two resistance genes pectin methylesterase and Mlo-like protein in all tissue culture development stages, as donor plant, calluses, and regenerants of Linum usitatissimum induced by gold and silver nanoparticles. In this paper, it was essential to obtain DNA material from all tissue culture development stages from one donor plant to record changes in each nucleotide sequence. Gene region specific primers were developed for resistance genes such as Mlo and Pme3 to define the genetic variability in tissue culture of L. usitatissimum. In recent years, utilization of gold and silver nanoparticles in tissue culture is increased and the mechanisms of changes in genome induced by nanoparticles still remain unclear. Obtained data show the somaclonal variation increase in calluses obtained from one donor plant and grown on medium supplemented by gold nanoparticles (Mlo 14.68 ± 0.98; Pme3 2.07 ± 0.87) or silver nanoparticles (Mlo 12.01 ± 0.43; Pme3 10.04 ± 0.46) and decrease in regenerants. Morphological parameters of calluses showed a number of differences between each investigated culture group.

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Magical mystery tour: MLO proteins in plant immunity and beyond

Cited by 190 publications

References 82 publications

FERONIA and Her Pals: Functions and Mechanisms

FERONIA and Her Pals: Functions and Mechanisms

The Enhancement of Plant Disease Resistance Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

Case Study of Somaclonal Variation in Resistance GenesMloandPme3in Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) Induced by Nanoparticles

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