Biodegradable polylactide microspheres enhance specific immune response induced by Hepatitis B surface antigen

Engineering optimal vaccination strategies: effects of physical properties of the delivery system on functions

“…80 Poly-D,Llactate-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), which hydrolyzes in vivo into biodegradable metabolite monomers, lactic acid, and glycolic acid, is a widely-studied biodegradable delivery system that has been approved by the FDA, and acts as a copolymer in drug delivery platforms. PLGA has also been studied as a vaccine delivery system for different pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), 81,82 Bacillus anthracis, 83 and cancer. 84 Graphene oxide (GO) is another inorganic material used as a vaccine carrier owing to its biocompatibility and outstanding…”

Adjuvants in micro‐ to nanoscale: current state and future direction

“…Biodegradable polymeric particles of polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) have also attracted attention of scientific community as adjuvants because of their biocompatibility, biodegradable nature, and existing FDA approval in pharmaceuticals. These particles have been studied with hepatitis B, filarial, and HIV‐1 antigens. In all the cases, polymeric particles activate the DCs and induce Th1 immune response .…”

“…These particles have been studied with hepatitis B, filarial, and HIV‐1 antigens. In all the cases, polymeric particles activate the DCs and induce Th1 immune response . PLA‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles have also shown superior vaccine efficacy as compared with aluminum adjuvants using tetanus toxoid as a model antigen.…”

“…In all the cases, polymeric particles activate the DCs and induce Th1 immune response. [84][85][86][87] PLA-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles have also shown superior vaccine efficacy as compared with aluminum adjuvants using tetanus toxoid as a model antigen. Results indicate that a lower concentration of PLA-PEG nanoparticles is required than conventional alum as up to 90% adsorption of antigen (only 50% for alum) and 80% survival rate of mice were observed.…”

Engineered tumor cell-derived vaccines against cancer: The art of combating poison with poison

“…Therefore, a wider range of tumor antigens and more effective delivery methods would contribute to the development of tumor vaccines [ 21 ], and they should be optimized to maximize tumor immunogenicity. Owing to the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor antigens [ 22 , 23 ], few antigens can be used to prepare universal vaccines [ 24 ]. Furthermore, the predominant mutation-inducing antigens in tumors can vary according to cancer type and even among different patients.…”