Residual Infestation and Recolonization during Urban<i>Triatoma infestans</i>Bug Control Campaign, Peru1

Barbu, Corentin; Buttenheim, Alison M.; Pumahuanca, María Luz Hancco; Calderón, Javier E. Quintanilla; Salazar, Renzo; Carrión, Malwina; Rospigliossi, Andy Catacora; Chavez, Fernando S. Málaga; Alvarez, Karina Oppe; Carpio, Juan G. Cornejo del; Náquira, César; Levy, Michael Z.

doi:10.3201/eid2012.131820

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on unpublished data, we know that in these localities (treated prior to 2009) campaign participation rates were consistently above 80% (Barbu et al, 2014; Levy et al, 2006). The campaign has since progressed to more urban districts where infection prevalence is estimated at 2.28% (Hunter et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, IRS requires high levels of household participation to be effective and cost-effective. A suboptimal level of participation will permit vector populations to rebound from untreated households, and eventually recolonise already-treated communities (Barbu et al, 2014). Therefore, understanding the household’s decision to participate in IRS campaigns is crucial to the success of the campaign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To spray or not to spray? Understanding participation in an indoor residual spray campaign in Arequipa, Peru

Paz-Soldán

Bauer

Hunter

et al. 2016

Global Public Health

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Current low participation rates in vector control programmes in Arequipa, Peru complicate the control of Chagas disease. Using focus groups (n = 17 participants) and semi-structured interviews (n = 71) conducted in March and May 2013, respectively, we examined barriers to and motivators of household participation in an indoor residual spray (IRS) campaign that had taken place one year prior in Arequipa. The most common reported barriers to participation were inconvenient spray times due to work obligations, not considering the campaign to be necessary, concerns about secondary health impacts (e.g. allergic reactions to insecticides), and difficulties preparing the home for spraying (e.g. moving heavy furniture). There was also a low perception of risk for contracting Chagas disease that might affect participation. The main motivator to participate was to ensure personal health and well-being. Future IRS campaigns should incorporate more flexible hours, including weekends; provide appropriate educational messages to counter concerns about secondary health effects; incorporate peer educators to increase perceived risk to Chagas in community; obtain support from community members and leaders to build community trust and support for the campaign; and assist individuals in preparing their homes. Enhancing community trust in both the need for the campaign and its operations is key.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To spray or not to spray? Understanding participation in an indoor residual spray campaign in Arequipa, Peru

Paz-Soldán

Bauer

Hunter

et al. 2016

Global Public Health

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“…The equation for V predicts high sensitivity to adult survival and many studies demonstrate how this conclusion is highly dependent on a suite of assumptions that may be unrealistic in real field settings where mortality rates and population mixing are not constant, vector-host interactions are environmentally dependent and vector-pathogen interactions vary with genetic structure (Bellan 2010;Smith et al 2014). Perhaps less well recognized is the importance of the socio-economic environment of modern cities that can affect entomological parameters and efficacy of vector control (Bartlett-Healy et al 2011;Fonseca et al 2013;Barbu et al 2014;Buttenheim et al 2014). Social factors interact with the biophysical environment to create a complex and often hard to predict, socio-ecological context within which vector-borne diseases circulate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological foundations of transmission potential and vector‐borne disease in urban landscapes

et al. 2015

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Summary Urban transmission of arthropod-vectored disease has increased in recent decades. Understanding and managing transmission potential in urban landscapes requires integration of sociological and ecological processes that regulate vector population dynamics, feeding behavior, and vector-pathogen interactions in these unique ecosystems. Vectorial capacity is a key metric for generating predictive understanding about transmission potential in systems with obligate vector transmission. This review evaluates how urban conditions, specifically habitat suitability and local temperature regimes, and the heterogeneity of urban landscapes can influence the biologically-relevant parameters that define vectorial capacity: vector density, survivorship, biting rate, extrinsic incubation period, and vector competence.Urban landscapes represent unique mosaics of habitat. Incidence of vector-borne disease in urban host populations is rarely, if ever, evenly distributed across an urban area. The persistence and quality of vector habitat can vary significantly across socio-economic boundaries to influence vector species composition and abundance, often generating socio-economically distinct gradients of transmission potential across neighborhoods.Urban regions often experience unique temperature regimes, broadly termed urban heat islands (UHI). Arthropod vectors are ectothermic organisms and their growth, survival, and behavior are highly sensitive to environmental temperatures. Vector response to UHI conditions is dependent on regional temperature profiles relative to the vector’s thermal performance range. In temperate climates UHI can facilitate increased vector development rates while having countervailing influence on survival and feeding behavior. Understanding how urban heat island (UHI) conditions alter thermal and moisture constraints across the vector life cycle to influence transmission processes is an important direction for both empirical and modeling research.There remain persistent gaps in understanding of vital rates and drivers in mosquito-vectored disease systems, and vast holes in understanding for other arthropod vectored diseases. Empirical studies are needed to better understand the physiological constraints and socio-ecological processes that generate heterogeneity in critical transmission parameters, including vector survival and fitness. Likewise, laboratory experiments and transmission models must evaluate vector response to realistic field conditions, including variability in sociological and environmental conditions.

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“…Household insecticide use and uptake of insecticide campaigns in Peru has been studied predominantly in response to serious health threats from vector-borne disease (1-3, 5, 6, 10). In Arequipa and surrounding areas where the current study was conducted, insecticide research efforts have focused particularly on addressing triatomine, or "kissing bug," populations in response to Chagas disease (1,(11)(12)(13)(14). One residential insecticide spray campaign in peri-urban Arequipa in 2012 reached only 66% of homes, and a study found that primary reported barriers included practical concerns such as spray times coinciding with work obligations and difficulties preparing the home, as well as concerns about the health impacts of insecticides and a perception that the campaign was not necessary (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misuse, perceived risk, and safety issues of household insecticides: qualitative findings from focus groups in Arequipa, Peru

Larson

Paz-Soldán

Arevalo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The current body of research on insecticide use in Peru deals primarily with application of insecticides offered through Ministry of Health-led campaigns against vector-borne disease. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the individual use, choice and perceptions of insecticides which may influence uptake of public health-based insecticide initiatives and contribute to the thousands of deaths annually from acute pesticide poisoning in Peru.Methods Residents (n = 49) of the Alto Selva Alegre and CC districts of peri-urban Arequipa participated in seven focus group discussions (FGD). Using a FGD guide, two facilitators led the discussion and conducted an activity in which participants advertised insecticides (physically available during the FGD) to elicit perceptions of currently available insecticides. Focus group content was transcribed, and qualitative data were analyzed with Atlas.ti and coded using an inductive process to generate major themes related to use and choice of insecticides, and perceived risks associated with insecticide use.Results There was not consensus on a preferred form, strength, or brand of insecticides; valued characteristics such as strength and effectiveness were often associated with negative characteristics such as odor and health impacts. The perceived risks associated with insecticides included both short- and long-term health impacts, and safety for children emerged as a priority. However, some participants reported applying insecticides directly to children and their beds. Some participants attempted to reduce the risk of insecticide use with informal, and likely ineffective, personal protective equipment and by timing application when household members were away. “Agropecuarios” (agricultural supply stores) were considered a trusted source of information about insecticides and their health risks.Conclusions It is crucial to characterize misuse and perceptions of health impacts and risks of insecticides at the local level, as well as to find common themes and patterns across populations to inform national and regional programs to prevent acute insecticide poisoning and increase community participation in insecticide-based vector control campaigns. We detected risky practices and beliefs about personal protective equipment, risk indicators, and safety levels that could inform such preventive campaigns, as well as trusted information sources such as agricultural stores for partnerships in disseminating information.

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Residual Infestation and Recolonization during UrbanTriatoma infestansBug Control Campaign, Peru1

Abstract: Recolonization from untreated households is a serious threat to long-term vector control.

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

To spray or not to spray? Understanding participation in an indoor residual spray campaign in Arequipa, Peru

To spray or not to spray? Understanding participation in an indoor residual spray campaign in Arequipa, Peru

The ecological foundations of transmission potential and vector‐borne disease in urban landscapes

Misuse, perceived risk, and safety issues of household insecticides: qualitative findings from focus groups in Arequipa, Peru

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