Parental Cannabis Abuse and Accidental Intoxications in Children

Pélissier, Fanny; Claudet, I.; Pélissier-Alicot, Anne-Laure; Franchitto, Nicolas

doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000288

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…45,46 There is limited literature pertaining to CPS reporting practices when a young child tests positive for cannabis, and prior published opinions are mixed. 53,54 Our study found that encounters with positive cannabis tests had fewer CPS case openings and out-of-home placements than other drug types. Prior literature has shown an overlap of parental illicit drug use and child maltreatment; however, those studies do not isolate cannabis from other illicit drug ingestions and are limited in JAMA Network Open | Pediatrics their ability to provide insight into the association between caregiver cannabis use and child maltreatment.…”

Section: Oct-decmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Rebbe,

Malicki,

Siddiqi

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceYoung children are ingesting illicit drugs at increased rates, but it is unknown what the associated child protection system (CPS) responses are when a child tests positive.ObjectiveTo document the child protection system involvement and the characteristics of children who test positive for illicit substances.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study linked medical discharge and child protection system administrative data. The setting was Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, a free-standing pediatric hospital in California. Participants included all emergency department and inpatient medical encounters involving children aged 12 years or younger with a positive urine drug test between 2016 and 2021. Statistical analysis was performed from February 2023 to January 2024.ExposureDrug type, including amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, fentanyl, opiates, and phencyclidine.Main Measures and OutcomesCPS responses associated with the medical encounter including reports, substantiations, case openings, and out-of-home placements.ResultsA total of 511 emergency department and inpatient medical encounters involving children had a positive drug test (262 [51.3%] were female; 309 [60.5%] were age 6 years or younger; fewer than 10 [&lt;3.0%] were American Indian or Alaska Native; 252 [49.3%] were Hispanic [any race], 20 [3.9%] were non-Hispanic Asian, 56 [11.0%] were non-Hispanic Black, 143 [28.0%] were non-Hispanic White, 36 [7.0%] had other or unknown race and ethnicity; 233 [43.6%] had a CPS report prior to the medical encounter). Following the positive screen, 244 (47.7%) were reported to child protection, and 61 (11.9%) were placed out-of-home within 30 days. Mean (SD) quarterly counts of encounters with positive drug tests doubled after the COVID-19 pandemic onset (32.9 [9.8]) compared with prior to the pandemic onset (16.5 [4.7]); for encounters positive for cannabis, mean (SD) quarterly counts were 3 times as high after the pandemic onset than prior (16.6 [4.7] vs 5.7 [2.9]). Encounters for children under age 1 were significantly more likely to have associated child protection reports (relative risk [RR], 2.91 [95% CI, 2.21-3.83]) and child protection case openings (RR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.07-2.72]) than encounters involving older children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of emergency department and inpatient medical encounters, less than half of children with positive urine drug screens were reported to CPS; out-of-home placements were uncommon. With increased encounters for positive drug tests, it is unclear what services these children and families are receiving.

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Section: Oct-decmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…There is limited literature pertaining to CPS reporting practices when a young child tests positive for cannabis, and prior published opinions are mixed . Our study found that encounters with positive cannabis tests had fewer CPS case openings and out-of-home placements than other drug types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Rebbe,

Malicki,

Siddiqi

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…In addition to medical management, clinicians facing with cases of cannabis intoxication in children need to address the topic of child safety. Child Protective Services should always be noticed to identify at-risk families, potential situation of neglect, and, to rule out any form of child abuse [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Intoxication, a Neglected Cause of Altered Level of Consciousness in Children: A Case Series

Mari

Gianolio

Abbattista

et al. 2021

Int. J. Pediatr. Child Health

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Altered level of consciousness (ALC) represents a neurological emergency, which demands a methodical approach to evaluation and treatment. Emergency departments’ Paediatricians dealing with children with ALC need a rapid and reliable diagnostic process to rule out life-threatening conditions. ALC can be caused by structural and non-structural conditions, and, among non-structural conditions, intoxications must always be investigated. Toddlers and young children exposed to cannabis may present ALC due to explorative ingestion of the substance. We report three cases of toddlers who were admitted to our emergency department over a 12-month period with ALC due to cannabis intoxication. The three cases highlight how clinical presentation of cannabis intoxication can be variegated. Therefore, in case of afebrile children presenting with ALC Cannabis intoxication must be suspected and a urine drug test should be performed.

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“…The less common but serious effects included respiratory depression, coma and seizure [71]. It is important to realize that cannabis intoxication may be life threatening, especially in the very young [72,73].…”

Section: Cannabis Toxicity From Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

Chase¹

2023

Cannabinoids - Recent Perspectives and Applications in Human Health

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Cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids) are most often used during adolescence and given the changing norms, enhanced potency, reduced societal perceptions of risk and multitude forms of products for consumption, clinicians need to be become more cognizant of cannabinoid products and their effects. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly discuss acute toxicities and a few chronic toxicities associated with cannabinoids that clinicians are likely to treat. In addition, cannabinoid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics as it pertains to the clinical effects will be discussed as well as the route of exposure and the clinical implications for therapeutics. Although the neurodevelopmental effects of naturally occurring endocannabinoids will be briefly mentioned, it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss in detail. Regardless, clinicians, parents and patients should be aware of the potential implications that exogenous cannabinoids (cannabis) may have in altering the normative trajectory of brain maturation in pediatric patients.

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Parental Cannabis Abuse and Accidental Intoxications in Children

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Child Protection System Interactions for Children With Positive Urine Screens for Illicit Drugs

Cannabis Intoxication, a Neglected Cause of Altered Level of Consciousness in Children: A Case Series

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

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