Seasonal variation of Legionella in Taiwan’s reservoir and its relationships with environmental factors

Kao, Po-Min; Hsu, Bing-Mu; Chang, Tien-Yu; Hsu, Tsui‐Kang; Tzeng, Kai-Jiun; Huang, Yatao

doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3819-2

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although these effects have been established, their clinical significance is still under investigation. The presence of Legionella is a poor predictor of infections [ 8 ] and environmental sampling during outbreaks has delivered mixed results [ 9 , 10 ]. Epidemiological research has tried to link clinical significance, LD incidence, to meteorological variables measured in the preceding days and weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term associations between Legionnaires' disease incidence and meteorological variables in Belgium, 2011–2019

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of reported cases with Legionnaires' disease (LD) is increasing in Belgium. Previous studies have investigated the associations between LD incidence and meteorological factors, but the Belgian data remained unexplored. We investigated data collected between 2011 and 2019. Daily exposure data on temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed was obtained from the Royal Meteorological Institute for 29 weather stations. Case data were collected from the national reference centre and through mandatory notification. Daily case and exposure data were aggregated by province. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. The ‘at risk’ period was defined as 10 to 2 days prior to disease onset. The corresponding days in the other study years were selected as referents. We fitted separate conditional Poisson models for each day in the ‘at risk’ period and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) which fitted all data in one model. LD incidence showed a yearly peak in August and September. A total of 614 cases were included. Given seasonality, a sequence of precipitation, followed by high relative humidity and low wind speed showed a statistically significant association with the number of cases 6 to 4 days later. We discussed the advantages of DLNM in this context.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term associations between Legionnaires' disease incidence and meteorological variables in Belgium, 2011–2019

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17 There is also an increase in incidence of cases caused by one species, L. longbeachae , in the spring in certain regions. 51 While warmer weather has been shown to be associated with increased presence of Legionella in natural water systems, 52 legionellosis incidence does not appear to follow climate zone trends in the United States. 23 This is likely due to capability for engineered water systems to provide ideal conditions for the growth of Legionella year-round.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten questions concerning the aerosolization and transmission of Legionella in the built environment

Prussin

Schwake

Marr

2017

Building and Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria responsible for a serious disease known as legionellosis, which is transmitted via inhalation of this pathogen in aerosol form. There are two forms of legionellosis: Legionnaires' disease, which causes pneumonia-like symptoms, and Pontiac fever, which causes influenza-like symptoms. Legionella can be aerosolized from various water sources in the built environment including showers, faucets, hot tubs/swimming pools, cooling towers, and fountains. Incidence of the disease is higher in the summertime, possibly because of increased use of cooling towers for air conditioning systems and differences in water chemistry when outdoor temperatures are higher. Although there have been decades of research related to Legionella transmission, many knowledge gaps remain. While conventional wisdom suggests that showering is an important source of exposure in buildings, existing measurements do not provide strong support for this idea. There has been limited research on the potential for Legionella transmission through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Epidemiological data suggest a large proportion of legionellosis cases go unreported, as most people who are infected do not seek medical attention. Additionally, controlled laboratory studies examining water-to-air transfer and source tracking are still needed. Herein, we discuss ten questions that spotlight current knowledge about Legionella transmission in the built environment, engineering controls that might prevent future disease outbreaks, and future research that is needed to advance understanding of transmission and control of legionellosis.

show abstract

“…Seasonal variations of Legionella spp. communities have already been detected in natural waters and reservoirs, but these studies did not include the connected DWSS (Parthuisot et al, 2010;Kao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella species diversity and dynamics from surface reservoir to tap water: from cold adaptation to thermophily

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water samples of the Drinking Water Supply System (DWSS) of the city of Braunschweig were analysed for its Legionella species composition using genus-specific PCR amplicons and singlestrand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprint analyses based on 16S rRNA genes. These analyses comprised the whole supply chain including raw water, treatment process and large-scale storage, and a seasonal study of finished drinking water sampled monthly from cold and hot tap water. Treatment of raw water had a major impact on Legionella species by reducing their diversity and abundances. The Legionella species composition of the tap water was highly distinct from that of both source waters. In cold water, 8-14 different phylotypes of Legionella (PTLs) were observed per sample with relative abundances ranging from 41% to 53%. In hot water, L. pneumophila was present during all seasons at high relative abundances (8-40%) accompanied by 5-14 other PTLs of which 6 PTLs were in common with cold water. This thermophilic Legionella community, including L. pneumophila, was able to grow in the hot water above 50°C. Such thermophilic Legionella populations are of general relevance for drinking water management and public health, but also for the ecology and evolution of the genus Legionella.

show abstract

Seasonal variation of Legionella in Taiwan’s reservoir and its relationships with environmental factors

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Short-term associations between Legionnaires' disease incidence and meteorological variables in Belgium, 2011–2019

Short-term associations between Legionnaires' disease incidence and meteorological variables in Belgium, 2011–2019

Ten questions concerning the aerosolization and transmission of Legionella in the built environment

Legionella species diversity and dynamics from surface reservoir to tap water: from cold adaptation to thermophily

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About