Anti-biofilm Agents in Control of Device-Related Infections

Ahmed, Salman; Darouiche, Rabih O.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09782-4_9

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Medical implants and catheters are particularly susceptible to biofilm formation because immune responses are significantly reduced in proximity to foreign bodies ( 6 , 7 ). In fact, biofilm formation is a main cause of implant failure and often limits the lifetime of many indwelling medical devices ( 8 ). Biofilms protect microorganisms from opsonization by antibodies, phagocytosis, and removal via the ciliary action of epithelial cells ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR

Seifi

Kazemian

Heidari

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background:Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most frequently recovered etiologic agents from nosocomial infections. This opportunistic pathogen can generate a thick layer of biofilm as one of its important virulence factors, enabling the bacteria to attach to living or abiotic surfaces, which contributes to drug resistance.Objectives:The resistance of biofilm-mediated infections to effective chemotherapy has adverse effects on patient outcomes and survival. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the biofilm-formation capacity of clinical K. pneumoniae isolates and to perform a molecular characterization using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to determine the dominant biofilm-producing genotype.Patients and Methods:In the present study, 94 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Biofilm formation was assayed by a modified procedure, then ERIC-PCR was carried out.Results:The distributions of the clinical specimens used in this study were 61.7% from urine, 18.1% from wounds, 11.7% from sputum, and 8.5% from blood. Among these isolates, 33% formed fully established biofilms, 52.1% were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, 8.5% formed weak biofilms, and 6.4% were non-biofilm-producers. Genotyping of K. pneumoniae revealed 31 different ERIC types. Biofilm-formation ability in a special ERIC type was not observed.Conclusions:Our results indicated that an enormous proportion of K. pneumoniae isolated from sputum and surgical-wound swabs produced fully established biofilms. It is reasonable to assume the existence of a relationship between the site of infection and the formation of biofilm. A high level of genetic diversity among the K. pneumoniae strains was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR

Seifi

Kazemian

Heidari

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms are highly complex and dynamic multicellular communities that cause up to 75% of all bacterial infections, resulting in an important public health concern and a significant economic burden .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, despite traditional and innovative medical devices being a common and indispensable part of medical care for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, their widespread use also led modern medicine to face a double challenge: the complications associated with the increasing infectious risk caused by multidrug and extensively drug‐resistant microorganisms and the pathogenesis of biofilm‐growing cells . In fact, the number and variety of medical devices that can be nowadays implanted, from the temporary urinary catheters to the bridge‐to‐transplant ventricular assist devices, has increased over the years and, at the same time, also the risk of acquiring device‐related infections, because of the chemical and physical composition of these foreign bodies that very often promote microbial adherence .…”

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confidence: 99%

Antifouling and antimicrobial biomaterials: an overview

Francolini

Vuotto

Piozzi

et al. 2017

APMIS

252

220

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The use of implantable medical devices is a common and indispensable part of medical care for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, as side effect, the implant of medical devices quite often leads to the occurrence of difficult‐to‐treat infections, as a consequence of the colonization of their abiotic surfaces by biofilm‐growing microorganisms increasingly resistant to antimicrobial therapies. A promising strategy to combat device‐related infections is based on anti‐infective biomaterials that either repel microbes, so they cannot attach to the device surfaces, or kill them in the surrounding areas. In general, such biomaterials are characterized by antifouling coatings, exhibiting low adhesion or even repellent properties towards microorganisms, or antimicrobial coatings, able to kill microbes approaching the surface. In this light, the present overview will address the development in the last two decades of antifouling and antimicrobial biomaterials designed to potentially limit the initial stages of microbial adhesion, as well as the microbial growth and biofilm formation on medical device surfaces.

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“…Although in the food industry and in the healthcare sector this problem is addressed by using strict hygiene standards, for several other applications, a limitation of the interactions with bacteria and fouling is not always achievable. In addition, the increased resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and biocides has led many researchers to drive their attention to antifouling surfaces rather than antibacterial surfaces [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Density of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes on PET Fabrics by Aminolysis: Effect on Antifouling Performances

et al. 2019

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Here, we synthesize zwitterionic polymer brushes on polyester fabrics by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) after a prefunctionalization step involving an aminolysis reaction with ethylenediamine. Aminolysis is an easy method to achieve homogeneous distributions of functional groups on polyester fibers (PET) fabrics. Varying the polymerization time and the prefunctionalization conditions of the reaction, it is possible to tune the amount of water retained over the surface and study its effect on protein adhesion. This study revealed that the polymerization time plays a major role in preventing protein adhesion on the PET surface.Polymers 2020, 12, 6 2 of 15 interactions between a surface and a bacteria cell envelope [12]. In addition, steric hindrance plays an important role in avoiding protein adhesion, which is a reason why not all hydrophilic surfaces are able to prevent fouling [13][14][15]. Functionalization by polymers implies either a surface grafting of the polymer on a surface (grafting to) or a polymerization using a "grafting from" approach. The latter is often preferred when a better control over grafting density is needed [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].Among all polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEGs) and zwitterionic polymers proved to be highly effective against the adhesion of foulants, since several coatings that prevent the attachment of proteins and bacteria have already been synthesized [24,25]. PEG and PEG derivatives were widely used in many applications, including implantable surfaces or the functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery, where these systems could prolong the blood circulation time [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, oxidative damage of PEGylated surfaces and PEG's non-biodegradability represents a major concern and limits its use to short-term applications [37].On the other hand, zwitterionic polymers proved to be very promising for such applications. Zwitterions are neutral but charged molecules containing both a positively and a negatively charged site [38,39]. This charge separation results in a pronounced hydration effect due to the strong interactions with water molecules [25,40].Among zwitterionic polymers, sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) polymers showed low fouling properties and have attracted considerable attention also due to an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior [41][42][43][44][45][46][47].The importance of realizing such antifouling surfaces extends to textile materials as well. For example, textiles used in filtration systems are extensively compromised by fouling, which lowers their durability and requires them to be replaced at short-term distances. Among all fibers, polyester fibers (PET) are broadly used because of their good workability and low price. In addition, it is possible to control filtrations properties by the fiber diameter, the mesh size, and the absolute material thickness [48]. The functionalization of polyester is very demanding due to its lack of functional groups within the polymer ...

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Anti-biofilm Agents in Control of Device-Related Infections

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR

Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR

Antifouling and antimicrobial biomaterials: an overview

Tuning the Density of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes on PET Fabrics by Aminolysis: Effect on Antifouling Performances

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