Optical Measurement of the Effect of Electric Fields on the Nuclear Spin Coherence of Rare-Earth Ions in Solids

Macfarlane, R. M.; Arcangeli, A.; Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Ph.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.157603

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The bandwidth of the memory is about 40 kHz limited by the length (24 µs) of the π pulses. This matches well the 32 kHz inhomogeneous width of the ±1/2 − 3/2 transition at 34.58 MHz [25]. The length of the memory output pulse was 24 µs with or without the Stark pulses, showing that SEMM preserves the full bandwidth, as expected.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…As a proof of concept, we investigated our protocol in a rare earth doped crystal, Eu 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Eu:YSO), in which Eu 3+ ions sit in a C 1 symmetry site and the crystal symmetry (C 2h ) includes an inversion operation. In this material, we recently observed a linear Stark effect on the ground state hyperfine transitions of the 151 Eu 3+ isotope, which has a nuclear spin I = 5/2 [25]. In the present work, rf excitations were stored and retrieved using the ground state ±1/2 ↔ ±3/2 transition at 34.58 MHz [k = 0.43 Hz/(V/cm)], using a 0.1 % doped sample inserted into a coil [ Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stark echo modulation for quantum memories

2016

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Quantum memories for optical and microwave photons provide key functionalities in quantum processing and communications. Here we propose a protocol well adapted to solid state ensemble based memories coupled to cavities. It is called Stark Echo Modulation Memory (SEMM), and allows large storage bandwidths and low noise. This is achieved in a echo like sequence combined with phase shifts induced by small electric fields through the linear Stark effect. We investigated the protocol for rare earth nuclear spins and found a high suppression of unwanted collective emissions that is compatible with single photon level operation. Broadband storage together with high fidelity for the Stark retrieval process is also demonstrated. SEMM could be used to store optical or microwave photons in ions and/or spins. This includes NV centers in diamond and rare earth doped crystals, which are among the most promising solid-state quantum memories.PACS numbers: 03.67. Lx,76.30.Kg,76.60.Lz Quantum memories (QM) are essential components in quantum information processing. They enable storage and on-demand retrieval of quantum states and allow using fast but short-lived processing qubits, or photonic states that are excellent carriers of quantum information but are difficult to store. QM for light find applications in linear optics quantum computing, as well as in quantum communications and networks, where they could enable distribution of entangled states over long distances using quantum repeater architectures [1,2]. There is also a growing interest in spin based quantum memories that store micro-wave photons which in turn can be interfaced to superconducting qubits [3]. In the solid state, optical and microwave QM based on inhomogeneously broadened ensemble are actively investigated in rare earth (RE) ion doped crystals and diamonds containing NV centers [4-9] These two systems are well adapted to highly multimode storage, where multiple photons with large bandwidths are stored for long times [10]. Moreover, high efficiency can be obtained by coupling these centers to a cavity, overcoming their weak interactions with photons, either for spin or optical transitions [11][12][13]. A natural protocol to implement QM in inhomogeneous ensembles is the spin or photon echo [14,15] which recovers the initial excitation of the system by applying a π pulse to the storage transition. This inverts the atomic or spin phase evolution and results in a collective emission, the so-called echo. However, this scheme does not allow low-noise operation, a key parameter for quantum memories, which must store photonic qubits like single photons [16]. This is because the collective emission occurs in an inverted medium which produces a too large spontaneous emission at the memory output. To avoid this situation, several protocols have been proposed and experimentally investigated. However, they require spectral tailoring [17][18][19][20][21], which requires a long lived storage level and can reduce bandwidth, or particular spatial phase matching conditions...

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

Stark echo modulation for quantum memories

2016

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“…Spin T 2 extensions obtained in a similar way have been reported in other systems like YAG:Tm 3+[78] and Y 2 SiO 5 :Pr 3+ , . The influence of electric fields has also been measured in Y 2 SiO 5 : 151 Eu 3+ . It is due to a change in the electric field gradients surrounding the nucleus, which causes a shift in the hyperfine level energies.…”

Section: Materials For Quantum Information Processingsupporting

confidence: 74%

Recent Advances in Rare Earth Doped Inorganic Crystalline Materials for Quantum Information Processing

Kunkel

Goldner

2017

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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“…This interaction is both strong and homogeneous: in EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O, we measured interactions between different pairs of satellite lines to be O(10 MHz) with a homogeneity better than 1 kHz (the instrument limit) [25]. Importantly, there is no significant interaction with hyperfine spin transitions, because the Stark shift of spin levels, O(1 Hz.cm/V) [26] is much smaller than optical transitions O(10-100 kHz.cm/V) [27]. Thus, isolated two qubit gates on pairs of qubits are possible: optically exciting one qubit causes a unique shift in the optical transition frequency of surrounding qubits, but does not affect the information stored in spin qubits.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 88%

Quantum processing with ensembles of rare-earth ions in a stoichiometric crystal

et al. 2020

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We describe a method for creating small quantum processors in a crystal stoichiometric in an optically active rare earth ion. The crystal is doped with another rare earth, creating an ensemble of identical clusters of surrounding ions, whose optical and hyperfine frequencies are uniquely determined by their spatial position in the cluster. Ensembles of ions in each unique position around the dopant serve as qubits, with strong local interactions between ions in different qubits. These ensemble qubits can each be used as a quantum memory for light, and we show how the interactions between qubits can be used to perform linear operations on the stored photonic state. We also describe how these ensemble qubits can be used to enact, and study, error correction.

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Optical Measurement of the Effect of Electric Fields on the Nuclear Spin Coherence of Rare-Earth Ions in Solids

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Stark echo modulation for quantum memories

Stark echo modulation for quantum memories

Recent Advances in Rare Earth Doped Inorganic Crystalline Materials for Quantum Information Processing

Quantum processing with ensembles of rare-earth ions in a stoichiometric crystal

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