Glycyrrhizic Acid Can Attenuate Metabolic Deviations Caused by a High-Sucrose Diet without Causing Water Retention in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) ameliorates many components of the metabolic syndrome, but its potential therapeutic use is marred by edema caused by inhibition of renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2). We assessed whether 100 mg/kg per day GA administered orally could promote metabolic benefits without causing edema in rats fed on a high-sucrose diet. Groups of eight male rats were fed on one of three diets for 28 days: normal diet, a high-sucrose diet, or a high-sucrose diet supplemented with GA. Rats were then culled and renal 11β-HSD2 activity, as well as serum sodium, potassium, angiotensin II and leptin levels were determined. Histological analyses were performed to assess changes in adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous depots, as well as hepatic and renal tissue morphology. This dosing paradigm of GA attenuated the increases in serum leptin levels and visceral, but not subcutaneous adipocyte size caused by the high-sucrose diet. Although GA decreased renal 11β-HSD2 activity, it did not affect serum electrolyte or angiotensin II levels, indicating no onset of edema. Furthermore, there were no apparent morphological changes in the liver or kidney, indicating no toxicity. In conclusion, it is possible to reap metabolic benefits of GA without edema using the current dosage and treatment time.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Glycyrrhizic acid ameliorates submandibular gland oxidative stress, autophagy and vascular dysfunction in rat model of type 1 diabetes

“…Twenty seven male Wistar rats, 100–120 g, were maintained in a controlled temperature (24–26 °C), relative humidity of 60–80% and on a 12-h light–dark cycle for one week acclimatization. Rats were randomly allocated using list randomizer ( https://www.random.org/lists ) into 3 groups with 9 rats/group as follow; Group1: served as a control, Group 2: represented diabetic rats, and Group 3: denoted as the treated group in which the diabetic rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 100 mg/kg/3 times a week GA (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) for 8 weeks 33 , 34 .…”

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Restoration of Intestinal Barrier

“…Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a medicinal form of glycyrrhizic acid as well as a natural and major bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid glycoside extracted from licorice roots, possesses comprehensive pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antioxidant, and antitumor characteristics, among others. − DG is commonly used as one of therapeutic agents for the treatment and control of chronic hepatopathy including NAFLD. − It also has been proven to alleviate serum liver enzymes and ameliorate pathological damage of the liver because of its anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action in the liver. ,− Previous studies have shown that DG was mainly distributed in the liver and intestines after being absorbed into the blood . In addition, it can significantly alleviate the intestinal mucosa inflammation in mice .…”

Glycyrrhizin ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced liver damage in experimental rat model

“…According to Glavac and Kreft [12], after oral ingestion of 600 mg of glycyrrhizin in human subjects, the metabolites appear in urine ranging from 1.5 to 14 h and can be detected in the urine even after 4 days. Protection of liver cells from experimentally induced metabolic disorders and hepatocellular injury by glycyrrhizin has been reported in different publications [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Antidiabetic effect of glycyrrhizin and its metabolite 18b-glycyrrhetinic acid has been reported in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rat model [20,21].…”