Iterative scalar nonparaxial algorithm for the design of Fourier phase elements

Abstract

We propose an iterative algorithm based on our scalar nonparaxial propagator for the design of Fourier diffractive optical elements (DOEs) having features on the order of the illumination wavelength. The simulation results show that our algorithm, using iterative Fourier transform and iterative projection, obtains higher-performance DOEs than a purely scalar paraxial design with the same order of calculation time. Upon verification with the experimental results, we find that our scalar-based design method is valid for DOEs with surprisingly small feature sizes (about half the wavelength) and diffraction angles up to about 37°.

An optimization approach of computer generated hologram (CGH) for divergent light shaping

“…So the model should be modified when the divergent light source is used. The proposed strategy is to use the scalar non-paraxial diffraction formula as the propagating function between two domains [4], and introduce the divergent light source model in the object space and the modified constraint in the Fourier space, as shown in Fig.1. The constraint in the kth iteration is implemented by modifying |Ek| in the way as…”

On the integrability aspects of nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the dynamics of solitary waves

“…By carefully analyzing the right hand sides of expressions (14) by symbolic computation, we note that they become non-identical except for the choice κ = 0, which corresponds to the result of the standard integrable NLS equation. This clearly indicates the violation of arbitrariness for the resonance j = 3, as there is no any arbitrary function.…”

“…In the earlier work of Lax et al, [9], it was attempted to investigate the nonparaxial effect by means of expanding field components as a power series in terms of a ratio of the beam diameter to the diffraction length. Following this work, many studies have been carried out to investigate the dynamics of nonparaxiality in various optical settings like nonparaxial accelerating beams [10], optical and plasmonic sub-wavelength nanostructures devices [11,12,13], and in the design of Fresnel type diffractive optical elements [14].…”

Modified iterative algorithm for the design of wide-diffraction angle diffraction optical element

“…21,24 The distortion is mainly derived from the light transmission from the hemisphere to the observation plane, i.e., turning the spatial frequency coordinates of the hemisphere into the Cartesian coordinates of the observation plane. Repeat the above-mentioned steps.…”

“…13 Generally speaking, if a large-scale pattern is preferred, a projection lens will be needed, 14 but this is not a good way because of the increasing in the volume. 20 Nguyen et al 21 have proposed a method for the design of a wide-angle diffraction DOE by the use of the nonparaxial scalar diffraction theory. Benefiting from the development of microfabrication technology, a subwavelength DOE can be manufactured easily.…”