The relationship between childhood physical and emotional abuse and smoking cessation among U.S. women and men.

Smith, Philip H.; Saddleson, Megan L.; Homish, Gregory G.; McKee, Sherry A.; Kozlowski, Lynn T.; Giovino, Gary A.

doi:10.1037/adb0000033

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Developmental telomere attrition is accelerated by exposure to early-life adversity of various types including family disruption and physical and emotional abuse [50–53]. Furthermore, these same sources of early-life adversity are also associated with a greater probability of starting smoking, smoking more and being less likely to quit [54–56]. Thus, although childhood LTL has not thus far been examined as a predictor of adult smoking behaviour, there is strong indirect evidence to expect associations to exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts

et al. 2019

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Smoking is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of increased morbidity and reduced longevity. This association is widely interpreted as evidence that smoking causes accelerated LTL attrition in adulthood, but the evidence for this is inconsistent. We analysed the association between smoking and LTL dynamics in 18 longitudinal cohorts. The dataset included data from 12 579 adults (4678 current smokers and 7901 non-smokers) over a mean follow-up interval of 8.6 years. Meta-analysis confirmed a cross-sectional difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers, with mean LTL 84.61 bp shorter in smokers (95% CI: 22.62 to 146.61). However, LTL attrition was only 0.51 bp yr −1 faster in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: −2.09 to 1.08), a difference that equates to only 1.32% of the estimated age-related loss of 38.33 bp yr −1 . Assuming a linear effect of smoking, 167 years of smoking would be required to generate the observed cross-sectional difference in LTL. Therefore, the difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers is extremely unlikely to be explained by a linear, causal effect of smoking. Selective adoption, whereby individuals with short telomeres are more likely to start smoking, needs to be considered as a more plausible explanation for the observed pattern of telomere dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts

et al. 2019

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“…Further, an association between early trauma/maltreatment and the persistence of smoking may be stronger among women compared to men. 44,45 There is also a well-documented sex/genderbased income and poverty gap in the U.S., 46,47 potentially limiting the ability to afford adequate healthcare. These examples contribute to a rationale that supports the presence of a sex/gender disparity in treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Are There Sex/gender Disparities In Smoking Cessation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex/gender differences in smoking cessation: A review

Smith

Bessette

Weinberger

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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326

199

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Data from treatment studies tends to show women are less likely to quit smoking than men, but these findings have been disputed, typically based on contradictory evidence from epidemiological investigations. The purpose of this review was to shed light on this conflict. We conducted a qualitative review in January, 2016 to examine sources of variation in sex/gender differences for smoking cessation. We identified 214 sex/gender difference tests from 190 studies through Medline and studies were categorized into efficacy trials (k=37), effectiveness trials (k=77), prospective observational studies of cessation (k=40; current smokers transitioning to former smokers), prospective observational studies of relapse (k=6; former smokers transitioning to current smokers), cross-sectional investigations of former smoker prevalence (k=32), and community-based interventions (k=4). We also summarized evidence across time periods, countries, outcome assessments, study sample, and treatment. Evidence from efficacy and effectiveness trials, as well as prospective observational studies of relapse, demonstrated that women have more difficulty maintaining long-term abstinence than men. Findings from prospective observational studies and cross-sectional investigations were mixed and demonstrated that bio-psycho-social variation in samples across place and time may determine whether or not women or men are less likely to quit smoking. Based on these findings, we consider whether sex/gender differences in quitting meet criteria for a disparity and outline directions for further research.

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“…In fact, a study found that participants with smoking-related illness (such as CVD) who persist in smoking are more likely to report ACEs than participants with similar illnesses who quit smoking [36]. Other studies found that childhood adversity was associated with lower likelihood of quitting smoking for women but not men [37, 38]. The role of childhood adversity in determining smoking behavior may indicate a “sensitive period” during which intervention could lead to improvements in adult health, especially for women.…”

Section: Possible Pathways Linking Aces and Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk: a Review with Emphasis on Plausible Mechanisms

et al. 2015

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Childhood adversity, characterized by abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, is a problem that exerts a significant impact on individuals, families, and society. Growing evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with health decline in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the current review, we first provide an overview of the association between ACEs and CVD risk, with updates on the latest epidemiological evidence. Second, we briefly review plausible pathways by which ACEs could influence CVD risk, including traditional risk factors and novel mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the potential implications of ACEs in clinical and public health. Information gleaned from this review should help physicians and researchers in better understanding potential long-term consequences of ACEs and considering adapting current strategies in treatment or intervention for patients with ACEs.

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The relationship between childhood physical and emotional abuse and smoking cessation among U.S. women and men.

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts

Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts

Sex/gender differences in smoking cessation: A review

The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk: a Review with Emphasis on Plausible Mechanisms

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