Experimental Demonstration of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Game Based on the All-Versus-Nothing Proof

Sun, Kai; Xu, Jiankuan; Ye, Xiang Jun; Wu, Yu Chun; Chen, Jing Ling; Li, Chuan Feng; Guo, Guanhua

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.140402

Cited by 93 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…This result has been recently obtained by Chen et al [26]. Experimental applications of this special case were also discussed [29]. Here we report a more general result with a somewhat more systematic proof.…”

Section: Pure Steered States and Steerabilitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Pure steered states of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Nguyen

Luoma

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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In the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment, when Alice makes a measurement on her part of a bipartite system, Bob's part is collapsed to, or steered to, a specific ensemble. Moreover, by reading her measurement outcome, Alice can specify which state in the ensemble Bob's system is steered to and with which probability. The possible states that Alice can steer Bob's system to are called steered states. In this work, we study the subset of steered states which are pure after normalization. We illustrate that these pure steered states, if they exist, often carry interesting information about the shared bipartite state. This information content becomes particularly clear when we study the purification of the shared state. Some applications are discussed. These include a generalization of the fundamental lemma in the so-called "all-versus-nothing proof of steerability" for systems of arbitrary dimension

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Section: Pure Steered States and Steerabilitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Pure steered states of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Nguyen

Luoma

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Several experiments have been already performed, demonstrating steering and its asymmetry [21,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and a number of recent studies have been devoted to improving our understanding of quantum steerability, ranging from the development of better criteria to detect steerable states [32][33][34][35][36], to the analysis of the distribution of steering among multiple parties [37][38][39][40]. However, unlike entanglement, for which a variety of operationally motivated measures exist [6,41], there is still a surprisingly scarce literature addressing the fundamental question of quantifying how steerable a given quantum state is [11,23,42].…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantification of Gaussian Quantum Steering

et al. 2015

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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering incarnates a useful nonclassical correlation which sits between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. While a number of qualitative steering criteria exist, very little has been achieved for what concerns quantifying steerability. We introduce a computable measure of steering for arbitrary bipartite Gaussian states of continuous variable systems. For two-mode Gaussian states, the measure reduces to a form of coherent information, which is proven never to exceed entanglement, and to reduce to it on pure states. We provide an operational connection between our measure and the key rate in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution. We further prove that Peres' conjecture holds in its stronger form within the fully Gaussian regime: namely, steering bound entangled Gaussian states by Gaussian measurements is impossible. Steering is the quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party, Alice, to change (i.e., to "steer") the state of a distant party, Bob, by exploiting their shared entanglement. This phenomenon, fascinatingly discussed by Schrödinger [8,9], was already noted by Einstein, Podolksy, and Rosen (EPR) in their famous 1935 paper [12], and is at the heart of the so-called EPR paradox [13]. There it was argued that steering implied an unacceptable "action at a distance," which led EPR to claim the incompleteness of quantum theory. The EPR expectations for local realism were mostly extinguished by Bell's theorems [14,15], which showed that no locally causal theory can reproduce all the correlations observed in nature [16]. The first experimental criterion for the demonstration of the EPR paradox, i.e., for the detection of quantum steering, was later proposed by Reid [17], but it was not until 2007 that the particular type of nonlocality captured by the concept of steering [8,9,12] was in fact formalized [10,18].From a quantum information perspective [10], steering corresponds to the task of verifiable entanglement distribution by an untrusted party. If Alice and Bob share a state which is steerable in one way, say from Alice to Bob, then Alice is able to convince Bob (who does not trust Alice) that their shared state is entangled, by performing local measurements and classical communication [10]. Notice that steering, unlike entanglement, is an asymmetric property: a quantum state may be steerable from Alice to Bob, but not vice versa. On the operational side, it has been recently realized that steering provides security in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) [19], where the measurement apparatus of one party only is untrusted. These protocols are less demanding than totally device-independent ones, for which Bell nonlocality is known to be necessary [3]. Experimentally, at variance with the case of Bell tests, a demonstration of steering free of detection and locality loopholes is in reach [19][20][21][22], which makes one-sided device-independent QKD appealing for current technology and quantum steering a practically useful concept. EPR ste...

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“…Several * These two authors contributed equally to this work. theoretical [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and experimental studies [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have focused on the verification and applications of EPR steering. Experimental demonstrations of one-way steering with the measurements restricted to Gaussian measurements have been reported [24,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Quantification of Asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering

et al. 2016

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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes the ability of one observer to nonlocally "steer" the other observer's state through local measurements. EPR steering exhibits a unique asymmetric property, i.e., the steerability can differ between observers, which can lead to one-way EPR steering in which only one observer obtains steerability in the steering process. This property is inherently different from the symmetric concepts of entanglement and Bell nonlocality, and it has attracted increasing interest. Here, we experimentally demonstrate asymmetric EPR steering for a class of two-qubit states in the case of two measurement settings. We propose a practical method to quantify the steerability. We then provide a necessary and sufficient condition for EPR steering and clearly demonstrate one-way EPR steering. Our work provides new insight into the fundamental asymmetry of quantum nonlocality and has potential applications in asymmetric quantum information processing.Quantum nonlocality, which does not have a counterpart in classical physics, is the characteristic feature of quantum mechanics. First noted in the famous paper published by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) in 1935 [1], which aimed to argue the completeness of quantum mechanics, the content of quantum nonlocality has been greatly extended. In 2007, Wiseman et al. summarized the different conditions of quantum nonlocality and reformulated the concept of steering [2] originally introduced by Schrödinger [3] in response to the EPR paper (usually referred to as EPR steering), which stands between entanglement [1] and Bell nonlocality [4] in the hierarchy. In the view of a quantum information task, EPR steering can be regarded as the distribution of entanglement from an untrusted party, whereas entangled states need both parties to trust each other, and Bell nonlocality is presented on the premise that they distrust each other [5,6]. As a result, some entangled states cannot be employed to realize steering, and some steerable states do not violate Bell-like inequalities. EPR steering provides a novel insight into quantum nonlocality, and it exhibits an inherent asymmetric feature that differs from both entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Consider two observers, Alice and Bob, who share entangled states. There are cases in which the ability of Alice to steer Bob's state is not equal to the ability of Bob to steer Alice's state. There are also situations in which Alice can steer Bob's state but Bob cannot steer Alice's state, or vice versa; these situations are referred to as one-way steering [2,7]. Several * These two authors contributed equally to this work. theoretical [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and experimental studies [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have focused on the verification and applications of EPR steering. Experimental demonstrations of one-way steering with the measurements restricted to Gaussian measurements have been reported [24,25]. A class of entangled qubit states that can be used to show th...

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Experimental Demonstration of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Game Based on the All-Versus-Nothing Proof

Cited by 93 publications

References 30 publications

Pure steered states of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Pure steered states of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Quantification of Gaussian Quantum Steering

Experimental Quantification of Asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering

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