Use of luminescent gunshot residues markers in forensic context

Weber, Ingrid Távora; Melo, Adenaule J. G. de; Lucena, M. A.; Consoli, E.F.; Rodrigues, Marcelo O.; Sá, Gilberto F. de; Maldaner, Adriano O.; Talhavini, Márcio; Alves, Severino

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.001

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…No new categories of identification taggants have been identified; however, improvements and refinements to the categories of physical, chemical, and biological taggants have occurred. Physical taggants remain an active area of research [4,16,18,19,5]. One type of physical taggants that have been proposed are particles containing quantum dots that emit light at specific frequencies, and the combination of frequencies can be used to encode information [4,5].…”

Section: Modern Taggants (2000-present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small ceramic or metal oxide particles that contain fluorescent rare earth materials have been proposed as a taggant that can be used to identify if a particular type of material has been used [19,18,17]. The combination of rare earths used and the intensity of the fluorescence can create a way of encoding information [4,5,18].…”

Section: Modern Taggants (2000-present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model

Seman

Giraldo

Johnson

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Regulations governing explosives have often included requirements to provide information about the manufacturer, type, and batch of a commercially produced explosive. The first method of encoding information about an explosive was simply writing desired information on the explosive's packaging. Marking explosives in this way can be considered the first identification taggant. Identification taggants that encode information have evolved over the course of over 100 years in the United States. Identification taggants are particularly useful as they allow explosives to be tracked back to the manufacturer and purchaser. Correlations can be seen in the evolutional advances in identification taggants and events (wars and terrorist activities) that lead to regulations governing explosives. The information presented in this paper walks through the evolution of identification taggants, since 1917, and identifies the corresponding event that led to increased regulations governing explosives. The paper illustrates that the efforts in identification taggants have been primarily reactionary and highlights the need for a more proactive approach in taggant research and implementation. Understanding the previously developed identification taggants has led to successive generations of taggant candidates, including a modern candidate known as the Nuclear Barcode. The nuclear barcode focuses on allowing identification taggant to survive the detonation process intact, prevent counterfeiting or obscuration, enhance forensic detection of explosives, as well as providing a sufficiently large number of potential codes to enable labeling individual batches of product. The nuclear barcode is designed to accomplish these goals inexpensively while also not affecting the properties or sensitivity of the tagged explosive.

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Section: Modern Taggants (2000-present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modern Taggants (2000-present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model

Seman

Giraldo

Johnson

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…A suitable marker should be thermally stable, chemically inert, have a high luminescence [26], not interfere with the ammunition's performance [29] and be of low cost [25]. Lanthanideorganic compounds meet all these criteria and are thus suitable as markers [28].…”

Section: Gsr Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that markers which were deposited on the hands post-firing could be transferred to other objects. The authors suggested that this opens new perspectives for forensic analysis by increasing the diversity of sampling [29]. It must be noted, however, that the possibilities of further transfer from contaminated objects onto a third party and the possible implications of this, have not been investigated.…”

Section: Gsr Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in organic gunshot residue analysis

Goudsmits

Sharples

Birkett

2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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(J.W. Birkett). Highlights A list of 136 compounds associated with organic gunshot residue (OGSR) is presented  Recent developments in methods for the extraction and detection of OGSR are highlighted  Analytical techniques aiming to provide a full chemical profile are discussed  It is concluded that the optimal methodology for any OGSR sample should be based on a 'case-by-case' approach 2 Abstract A comprehensive review of the literature concerning all aspects of sampling and analytical techniques used for the determination of organic gunshot residue (OGSR) compounds is presented. Currently, 136 compounds associated with OGSR have been identified in the literature. Despite this area gaining increasing attention and recognition in recent years, there is still an absence of a set combination of sample collection, extraction and analysis methods that are universally optimal for the treatment of any given OGSR sample. Moreover, there are no generally accepted guidelines for selecting the compounds of interest that will inform sampling and analysis protocols. Recent developments in both extraction and analytical methods employed for their detection are highlighted. The main advantages and disadvantages of the sampling and analysis methods are critically discussed.

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“…Forensic analysts have been able to collect GSR particles from different locations on a person such as clothing, hair, and hands [Weber et al, 2014]. In addition, several studies have confirmed the presence of GSR particles on a person close to the discharge, who is not the suspect.…”

Section: Forensic Examination Of Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Detection and Chemical Characterization of Gunshot Residues by CMV-GC-MS and LIBS

Tarifa¹

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Use of luminescent gunshot residues markers in forensic context

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model

Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model

Recent trends in organic gunshot residue analysis

Fast Detection and Chemical Characterization of Gunshot Residues by CMV-GC-MS and LIBS

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