An Excel Macro to Plot the <scp>HFE</scp>‐Diagram to Identify Sea Water Intrusion Phases

Giménez-Forcada, Elena; Román, F. Javier Sánchez San

doi:10.1111/gwat.12280

Cited by 63 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The negative effect of the pumping to groundwater quality is also confirmed plotting the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D), proposed by Giménez-Forcada and Sánchez San Román [49]. This diagram has been specifically created in order to better highlight the main processes occurring in coastal aquifers, involving seawater intrusion evolution, through a detailed study of the groundwater hydrochemical facies evolution [49].…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Groundwater Quality Assessment in a Karst Coastal Region of the West Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy)

et al. 2019

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This paper presents the results of a groundwater quality assessment carried out in the karst coastal region of the West Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy). 55 spring and 18 well water samples, collected from 2016 to 2018, were analysed to study the main processes controlling the hydrogeochemical evolution and groundwater quality properties. In the study area, groundwater samples are mostly characterized by a Ca-HCO3 facies, indicating that the groundwater hydrogeochemical evolution is mainly controlled by the carbonate mineral dissolution/precipitation. The cationic and anionic concentrations confirm that groundwater samples belong to the order of Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+ and HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−, respectively. Well water samples show, over time, an increasing mineralization with respect to the spring water samples. In more detail, the enrichment of Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- in well water samples is mainly due to the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and halite minerals and secondly to a probable ion exchange related to seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion, probably affecting the chemical composition of well water samples, was studied using ionic ratios, graphical approaches, and specific indices, such as the BEX index. Results suggest that carbonate weathering, ion exchange, and seawater intrusion in this karst coastal region are the major factors controlling groundwater geochemistry. This study shows that groundwater quality assessment, based on hydrogeochemical investigation techniques, has been a useful tool to characterize and model carbonate aquifers in Central Italy, with the aim of achieving proper management and protection of these important water resources.

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Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…To build up this diagram, an excel macro, courtesy of the same authors [49], was applied. In Figure 14, The blue line represents the binary mixing of freshwater with seawater.…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality Assessment in a Karst Coastal Region of the West Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy)

et al. 2019

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“…Finally, two studies have employed complex reactive transport models to quantify biogeochemical reactions induced by SWI [157][158][159]. Besides the physically based density dependent numerical models that need a large number of field data to be calibrated, there has recently been a growing number of papers that have employed the surrogate models, such as non-linear regressive techniques, to describe the SWI phenomenon [160][161][162][163][164], or using simple spreadsheet macros to plot the hydrochemical facies evolution [165]. In general, numerical models have been widely used to quantify the different origins of salinization via density dependent flow and transport models [166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175].…”

Section: Data Handling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Mastrocicco

Colombani

2021

Water

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The Mediterranean area is undergoing intensive demographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes. This generates multiple environmental pressures such as increased demand for water resources, generation of pollution related to wastewater discharge, and land consumption. In the Mediterranean area, recent climate change studies forecast large impacts on the hydrologic cycle. Thus, in the next years, surface and ground-water resources will be gradually more stressed, especially in coastal areas. In this review paper, the historical and geographical distribution of peer-review studies and the main mechanisms that promote aquifer salinization in the Mediterranean area are critically discussed, providing the state of the art on topics such as actual saltwater wedge characterization, paleo-salinities in coastal areas, water-rock interactions, geophysical techniques aimed at delineating the areal and vertical extent of saltwater intrusion, management of groundwater overexploitation using numerical models and GIS mapping techniques for aquifer vulnerability to salinization. Each of the above-mentioned approaches has potential advantages and drawbacks; thus, the best tactic to tackle coastal aquifer management is to employ a combination of approaches. Finally, the number of studies focusing on predictions of climate change effects on coastal aquifers are growing but are still very limited and surely need further research.

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“…HFE-D diagram is used to interpret whether groundwater samples has gone through seawater intrusion or freshening stages. It can be determined based on the evolution of the hydrochemical facies [21][22]. Hydrochemical data (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3and SO42-) is plotted in HFE-D diagram based on the percentages of major cations and anions.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (Hfe-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation of Coastal Groundwater Quality in East Coast of Terengganu, Malaysia

Hairoma

Gasim

Toriman³

et al. 2018

IJET

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Coastal groundwater is extremely vulnerable to saltwater contamination. This study was conducted to investigate the potential contamination of saltwater into coastal groundwater temporally. Data was obtained from PT000017 monitoring well from 2006 to 2012. Nine parameters of water quality were involved for data analyses. Two main diagrams used for data analyses are piper diagram and hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D). All parameters were plotted to produce a piper diagram that determine the water type between different seasons. During wet season, groundwater samples are located in domain III that represent mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water type; 2007 groundwater sample was located in domain I, represent Ca-HCO3 water type and during 2008 groundwater sample was located in domain II, represent Na-Cl water type. During dry season, groundwater samples are located in domain II that represent mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water type meanwhile, 2009 and 2011 groundwater samples are located in domain I, represent Ca-HCO3 water type. Subsequently, HFE-D diagram was produced to determine the evolution process of salinization or freshening of coastal groundwater. In this study, all of groundwater samples were in freshening stage except during dry season 2007 groundwater sample was in the phase of saltwater intrusion.

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An Excel Macro to Plot the HFE‐Diagram to Identify Sea Water Intrusion Phases

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

Groundwater Quality Assessment in a Karst Coastal Region of the West Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy)

Groundwater Quality Assessment in a Karst Coastal Region of the West Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy)

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Temporal Variation of Coastal Groundwater Quality in East Coast of Terengganu, Malaysia

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