Rhodopsin management during the light–dark cycle of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Moon, Young Min; Metoxen, Alexander J.; Leming, Matthew T.; Whaley, Michelle A.; O'Tousa, Joseph E.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.09.006

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar to other insects, the mosquito visual system relies on rhodopsin-expressing photoreceptor cells responsible for visual transduction, which are packed in the ommatidia, the fundamental unit of compound eyes [80]. Rhodopsins are differentially expressed in mosquitoes depending on light changes, suggesting that vision is regulated to enhance foraging behavior at different times of the light-dark cycle depending on the species [81]. Some ORs can detect multiple compounds, while some compounds can be detected by multiple ORs [69][70][71]73,76].…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Just from Blood: Mosquito Nutrient Acquisition from Nectar Sources

Barredo

DeGennaro

2020

Trends in Parasitology

121

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Anthropophilic female mosquitoes are well known for their strong attraction to human hosts, but plant nectar is a common energy source in their diets. When sugar sources are scarce, female mosquitoes of some species can compensate by taking larger and more frequent blood meals. Male mosquitoes are exclusively dependent on plant nectar or alternative sugar sources. Plant preference is likely driven by an innate attraction that may be enhanced by experience, as mosquitoes learn to recognize available sugar rewards. Nectar-seeking involves the integration of at least three sensory systems: olfaction, vision and taste. The prevention of vector-borne illnesses, the determination of the mosquitoes' ecological role, and the design of efficient sugar-baited traps will all benefit from understanding the molecular basis of nectar-seeking. Plant Nectar Is a Common Nutrition Source across Mosquito SpeciesNectar-feeding constitutes an important source of nutrition for adult mosquitoes of both sexes, particularly males, which feed exclusively from plant nectar and require frequent sugar intake for survival [1,2]. This behavior is often underappreciated when compared with blood-feeding because it is during the latter that transmission of pathogens can occur. A few mosquito genera feed solely from plant sources [3], while in hematophagous (see Glossary) species, females consume sugar sources as well as blood. If deprived of sugar, males typically die within 4 days of eclosion [4]. Moreover, lacking the energy reserves needed for flying and copulation that come from a sugar meal, males are unlikely to achieve reproductive success [1]. Although females are less susceptible to rapid mortality caused by sugar deprivation, their survival rate and fecundity can be compromised by reduced energy reserves [1,4]. The sensory cues that enable nectar-feeding include odors [1,2], tastants [5], and visual stimuli [6,7], but the molecular mechanisms of how these cues are perceived, as well as their relative contribution to the detection of a nectar source, are poorly understood (Figure 1). This review highlights the role of sugar feeding in the life cycle of mosquitoes, the plant sources they prefer, the volatiles that attract them, and the contribution of vision, olfaction, and gustation to this behavior.

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Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Just from Blood: Mosquito Nutrient Acquisition from Nectar Sources

Barredo

DeGennaro

2020

Trends in Parasitology

121

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“…Visual perception has attracted attention because it is an indispensable component of most organisms and has been investigated in many species, including toads, rats, fish, Drosophila , honeybee, Helicoverpa armigera , cricket and mosquitoes . To adapt to the varying ambient environment caused by the Earth's movements, the circadian clock developed in the evolutionary history of most organisms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression and function of opsin genes related to the phototactic behavior of Asian citrus psyllid

Tian

Lin

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a prominent pest of citrus because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus associated with huanglongbing. Phototactic behavior ubiquitously exists in insects and plays essential roles in host‐searching and mate‐searching in ACP. However, its mechanism has remained unclear to date. In this paper, molecular assays were performed to understand the relation between opsins and the phototactic behavior of ACP. RESULTS We cloned five opsin genes and analyzed their expression patterns. The main three opsin genes (Dc‐UV, Dc‐BW and Dc‐LW) displayed high expression levels in daytime, and the expression levels of the other two opsin genes (Dc‐UV‐like and Dc‐arthropsin) increased during nighttime. In constant darkness, the expression patterns and levels of opsin genes of ACP were altered. Under starvation, the expression levels of the main three opsins were reduced (53.89–84.10%). In contrast, the expression levels in females increased (27.55–60.58%). Feeding of double‐stranded RNA (Dc‐UV, Dc‐LW or Dc‐BW) have reduced the phototactic efficiency of ACP to ultraviolet light (44.79%), green light (54.81%) and blue light (43.00%), respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the expression levels and patterns of opsins of ACP were influenced by photoperiod and the physiological status of ACP. Our research indicates that opsins play crucial roles in phototactic behavior in ACP. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…There were significant, albeit low relative decreases in transcriptional expression of blue wavelength opsin (KZS21495) and class a rhodopsin G‐protein coupled receptor 2 (JAN36420) in the short‐day length photoperiods. Rhodopsin dynamics in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were observed in response to light/dark exposures, where the “mature” rhodopsin protein tended to increase in concentration within the major R1‐6 photoreceptor class of the mosquito eye in response to dark exposure (Moon, Metoxen, Leming, Whaley, & O'Tousa, ). In the present study, it is plausible that dynamics in rhodopsin accumulation in light/dark cycles could have implications related to phototaxis, including the observation of intensified light aversion (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different as night and day: Behavioural and life history responses to varied photoperiods in Daphnia magna

et al. 2019

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Nearly all animal species have utilized photoperiod to cue seasonal behaviours and life history traits. We investigated photoperiod responses in keystone species, Daphnia magna, to identify molecular processes underlying ecologically important behaviours and traits using functional transcriptomic analyses. Daphnia magna were photoperiod‐entrained immediately posthatch to a standard control photoperiod of 16 light/ 8 dark hours (16L:8D) relative to shorter (4L:20D, 8L:16D, 12L:12L) and longer (20L:4D) day length photoperiods. Short‐day photoperiods induced significantly increased light‐avoidance behaviours relative to controls. Correspondingly, significant differential transcript expression for genes involved in glutamate signalling was observed, a critical signalling pathway in arthropod light‐avoidance behaviour. Additionally, period circadian protein and proteins coding F‐box/LRR‐repeat domains were differentially expressed which are recognized to establish circadian rhythms in arthropods. Indicators of metabolic rate increased in short‐day photoperiods which corresponded with broadscale changes in transcriptional expression across system‐level energy metabolism pathways. The most striking observations included significantly decreased neonate production at the shortest day length photoperiod (4L:20D) and significantly increased male production across short‐day and equinox photoperiods (4L:20D, 8L:16D and 12L:12D). Transcriptional expression consistent with putative mechanisms of male production was observed including photoperiod‐dependent expression of transformer‐2 sex‐determining protein and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) which control splice variant expression for genes like transformer. Finally, increased transcriptional expression of glutamate has also been shown to induce male production in Daphnia pulex via photoperiod‐sensitive mechanisms. Overall, photoperiod entrainment affected molecular pathways that underpin critical behavioural and life history traits in D. magna providing fundamental insights into biological responses to this primary environmental cue.

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Rhodopsin management during the light–dark cycle of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Not Just from Blood: Mosquito Nutrient Acquisition from Nectar Sources

Not Just from Blood: Mosquito Nutrient Acquisition from Nectar Sources

The expression and function of opsin genes related to the phototactic behavior of Asian citrus psyllid

Different as night and day: Behavioural and life history responses to varied photoperiods in Daphnia magna

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