Recent In Vivo Evidences of Particle-Based Delivery of Small-Interfering RNA (siRNA) into Solid Tumors

Abstract

Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is both a powerful tool in research and a promising therapeutic platform to modulate expression of disease-related genes. Malignant tumors are attractive disease targets for nucleic acid-based therapies. siRNA directed against oncogenes, and genes driving metastases or angiogenesis have been evaluated in animal models and in some cases, in humans. The outcomes of these studies indicate that drug delivery is a significant limiting factor. This review provides perspectives on in vivo validated nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems. Results of recent advances in liposomes and polymeric and inorganic formulations illustrate the need for mutually optimized attributes for performance in systemic circulation, tumor interstitial space, plasma membrane, and endosomes. Physiochemical properties conducive to efficient siRNA delivery are summarized and directions for future research are discussed.

Novel walnut peptide–selenium hybrids with enhanced anticancer synergism: facile synthesis and mechanistic investigation of anticancer activity

“…MCF-7 cells with a density of 5×10 3 cells/well were seeded on the coverslips and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours to create cell monolayer. After incubation, the cells were treated with WP1-SeNPs for different time intervals (12,36, and 48 hours). Then, the treated cell monolayer was washed twice with PBS (pH 7.4) and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde.…”

“…Thus, we performed SEM imaging of WP1-SeNP-exposed MCF-7 cells to identify their morphological changes and develop a deep understanding of the WP1-SeNP-induced cell apoptosis and anticancer performance. Morphologic changes of MCF-7 cells treated with 500 µg/mL WP1-SeNPs for different time intervals (12,24, and 48 hours, respectively) were investigated by SEM. As shown in Figure 4D, cancer cells without WP1-SeNPs treatment maintained its complete oblate structure and kept as regular shape even after several steps in fixation processing.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10] It is well documented that nanoparticle-based drugs have many advantages including targeted However, precisely controlling the grain/particle size, modulating the surface properties, increasing the stability, and neutralizing the toxicity/hazards are the major challenges in the synthesis as well as in application of drug-loaded nanomaterials for therapeutic applications. 12,13 Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with unique physiological and pharmacological properties. 14,15 Many studies have demonstrated that supplemental Se uptake can reduce several disease risks including cancers, muscle disorders, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Nanosized Camptothecin Conjugates for Single and Combined Drug Delivery

“…Nanotechnology has achieved huge accomplishments in the past few decades, providing scientists with lots of techniques to fabricate nanoparticles for different objectives (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). From either top-down or bottom-up methods, we are now able to prepare nanoparticles with different shapes, sizes and chemical-physical properties both inside and outside (23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Polyethylene glycol modification decreases the cardiac toxicity of carbonaceous dots in mouse and zebrafish models

“…Novel nanomaterials are continually emerging to satisfy the requirements of use for various applications, and they have been used in multiple applications, including drug/protein/ nucleic acid delivery, contrast probe delivery, disease diagnosis and analysis [1][2][3] . However, although many nanomaterials have been developed with unique characteristics and functionalities, only a few of them have been approved for clinical use in humans, because of their potential toxicity [4] .…”