Cross‐reactivity between citral and geraniol – can it be attributed to oxidized geraniol?

Hagvall, Lina; Christensson, Johanna Bråred

doi:10.1111/cod.12293

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…An Eclipse Plus C 8 column (3.5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm; Agilent Technologies) was used. Analysis of geranial, neral, and citral was conducted with external standards as previously described . All chemicals were distilled prior to use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been patch tested in a study at the University of Gothenburg, giving 0.92% positive reactions in 655 patients. In the same study, geranial and neral were tested 3.5% pet., yielding 2.0% and 0.92% positive reactions, respectively . Irritation was investigated before the study and found to be low; patch test concentrations were subsequently chosen according to guidelines …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also know that patch testing with citral at a higher test concentration in parallel to FM II will identify more cases of contact allergy . Moreover, our previous investigations have suggested that geranial, the major isomer of citral, might be a better screening substance for contact allergy compared with citral . The pattern of concomitant reactions to these compounds has been investigated in a single‐center study on consecutive dermatitis patients …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

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Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I.Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series.Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series.Results: Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol.Conclusions: Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens. K E Y W O R D Sallergic contact dermatitis,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

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“…Patch test results showed that 19 of 655 tested persons reacted positive to one or more tested compounds. Out of these 19 patients, 13 reacted positive to geranial [103].…”

Section: Geraniolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Their Single Compounds in Cosmetics—A Critical Review

2018

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Essential oils are widely incorporated in cosmetic products, perfumes and related household products due to the variety of their properties but mainly due to their pleasant odour. The composition of these volatile natural complex mixtures may vary depending on the quality of plant material from which they were obtained and the extraction method by which they were derived. These factors are also important in ensuring the safe use of essential oils in personal care products. As they contain compounds with varied chemical structure and effects, skin sensitivity and irritations as well as other symptoms may arise after their application. Although essential oils are considered as safe and nontoxic when used at low concentrations, available scientific literature indicates that essential oils and their compounds may possess a strong allergy potential. This review focuses on side effects and allergy contact dermatitis caused by selected essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetic products, summarizing data from the most recent scientific literature.

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“…Citral consists of a mixture of two isomers, geranial ( trans ‐citral or citral A) and neral ( cis ‐citral or citral B) (Rodov et al . ), both formed by oxidation and activation of geraniol (Hagvall & Christensson ), and is a major constituent in Cymbopogon citratus (where it represents 70–80% of total monoterpenes; Ganjewala et al . ), Melissa officinalis and Litsea cubeba essential oils (Rauber et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plant secondary metabolite citral alters water status and prevents seed formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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Based on previous results, which showed that the secondary metabolite citral causes disturbances to plant water status, the present study is focused on demonstrating and detailing these effects on the water-related parameters of Arabidopsis thaliana adult plants, and their impact on plant fitness. Clear evidence of effects on water status and fitness were observed: plants treated with 1200 and 2400 μm citral showed decreased RWC, reduced Ψs , increased Ψw and reduced stomatal opening, even 7 days after the beginning of the experiment. Plant protection signals, such as leaf rolling or increased anthocyanin content, were also detected in these plants. In contrast, 14 days after beginning the treatment, treated plants showed signs of citral-related damage. Moreover, the reproductive success of treated plants was critically compromised, with prematurely withered flowers and no silique or seed development. This effect of citral on fitness of adult plants suggests a promising application of this natural compound in weed management by reducing the weed seed bank in the soil.

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Cross‐reactivity between citral and geraniol – can it be attributed to oxidized geraniol?

Abstract: There is little cross-reactivity between pure geraniol and citral; however, concomitant reactions to citral and oxidized geraniol were common, owing to geranial. Geranial was also the main sensitizer in the mixture citral.

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Essential Oils and Their Single Compounds in Cosmetics—A Critical Review

The plant secondary metabolite citral alters water status and prevents seed formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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