Acaricidal properties of the formulations based on essential oils from Cymbopogon winterianus and Syzygium aromaticum plants

Abstract

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, has caused serious harm to livestock raising in Brazil, considering the costs of controlling it, loss of revenue due to smaller production of milk and meat, and damage to leather, in addition to transmitting diseases. The use of medicinal plants is considered an alternative to the recurring resistance to chemicals. Due to the need for efficient alternatives with less environmental impact, this study aimed to develop contact formulations with essential oils from the Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) plants and to assess in vitro the effects in different stages of the tick cycle. In the present study, concentrations from 0.5-15.0% of the essential oils incorporated in the formulations were used. The ticks from different geographical areas were treated with those formulations, and their effects on the production levels of eggs, on the larvae hatching, and their efficiency on ticks were assessed. The obtained results were compared with other commercial acaricidal products. After the 20th day of treatment, the formulations with citronella essential oil had 2.09-55.51% efficiency, depending on the concentration of the oil incorporated. The efficiency of the treatment with formulations containing clove essential oil was higher, from 92.47-100%. The results showed the acaricidal effects of the formulations tested when compared to commercial chemical products. In vivo studies should be performed in order to assess the efficiency of those formulations in the fields, aiming to use these products as an alternative for controlling cattle ticks.

Acaricidal activity of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, hydrolate and eugenol formulated or free on larvae and engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus

“…The relative percentages of components were calculated based on the total quantity of the four major components because other compounds were also present, although not in significant proportions. Despite all the factors that may interfere in the chemical composition of an essential oil, the present results corroborate the findings of other research studies carried out on clove essential oil that showed the major constituent in this oil to be eugenol (Silvestri et al ., ; Mello et al ., ; Jairoce et al ., ).…”

“…However, the need for safer products that are less harmful to both man and the environment, combined with a growing interest in organic farming practices, has led to an increase in research into the development of alternative approaches to ectoparasite management, amongst which botanical alternatives, such as essential oils, are currently receiving particular attention (Alves et al ., ; Ellse & Wall, ). Cymbopogon winterianus , Syzigium aromaticum , Lippia graveolens , Rosmarinus officinalis , Allium sativum and other essential oils, and isolated terpenoids (eugenol, thymol, carvacrol) have shown activity against cattle ticks (Martinez‐Velazquez et al ., ; Mello et al ., ).…”

“…& L. M. Perry, commonly known as clove, has important biological activities. The essential oil has acaricidal (Mello et al ., ), antioxidant (Gülçin et al ., ), platelet anti‐aggregating (Saeed & Gilani, ), antibacterial (Dorman & Deans, ) and antifungal (Rana et al ., ) properties and hence shows great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications (Cortés‐Rojas et al ., ). The essential oil of its dried flower buds can be extracted by hydrodistillation and includes a major compound, eugenol, as well as eugenol acetate, caryophyllene and humulene (Oliveira et al ., ; Affonso et al ., ).…”

“…Although various studies have reported the acaricidal effects of eugenol (Monteiro et al ., ; Valente et al ., ) and the essential oil of S. aromaticum (Mello et al ., ) against R. microplus , none have compared the activities of these compounds using the same methodology, population and biological phase of this parasite. Moreover, the present study investigated for the first time the activity of clove essential oil and hydrolate in the larval stage of this parasite.…”

The First Study for The Acaricidal Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris and Funaria hygrometric against Argas persicus

“…The acaricidal efficacy of different plant extracts against different developmental stages of hard ticks have been reported by many acarologists from 1985 to 2014 (e.g. Van Puyvelde et al, 1985;Panella et al, 1997;Al-Rajhy et al, 2003;Pereira and Famadas, 2006;Bagavan et al, 2009;Ravindran et al, 2011;de Mello et al, 2014).…”