Level Versus Inclined Walking

Stott, N. Susan; Reynolds, Nicola; McNair, Peter

doi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000069

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Kinematic analysis of the downhill gait of children with spastic diplegic CP showed pronounced backward trunk-leaning and increased hip extension at initial contact [9] than TD peers. Ankle joints showed controversial results, revealing more dorsiflexion [9] or plantar flexion [11,12] at initial contact during downhill gait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Previous studies comparing children with spastic diplegic CP and typically developing (TD) peers during uneven-level gait have shown similar adaptation mechanisms between the two groups; however, children with CP required additional efforts. During uphill gait, children with spastic diplegic CP showed increased trunk forward-leaning [8,9], knee flexion at initial contact [8][9][10][11], and increased hip range of motion in the sagittal plane [11] compared with TD peers. Kinematic analysis of the downhill gait of children with spastic diplegic CP showed pronounced backward trunk-leaning and increased hip extension at initial contact [9] than TD peers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During uphill gait, children with spastic diplegic CP showed increased trunk forward-leaning [8,9], knee flexion at initial contact [8][9][10][11], and increased hip range of motion in the sagittal plane [11] compared with TD peers. Kinematic analysis of the downhill gait of children with spastic diplegic CP showed pronounced backward trunk-leaning and increased hip extension at initial contact [9] than TD peers. Ankle joints showed controversial results, revealing more dorsiflexion [9] or plantar flexion [11,12] at initial contact during downhill gait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gait Adaptation Is Different between the Affected and Unaffected Legs in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy While Walking on a Changing Slope

et al. 2022

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Walking on sloped surfaces requires additional effort; how individuals with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) manage their gait on slopes remains unknown. Herein, we analyzed the difference in gait adaptation between the affected and unaffected legs according to changes in the incline by measuring spatiotemporal and kinematic data in children with spastic hemiplegic CP. Seventeen children underwent instrumented three-dimensional gait analysis on a dynamic pitch treadmill at an incline of +10° to −10° (intervals of 5°). While the step length of the affected legs increased during uphill gait and decreased during downhill gait, the unaffected legs showed no significance. During uphill gait, the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the affected and unaffected legs showed increased flexion, while the unaffected leg showed increased knee flexion throughout most of the stance phase compared with the affected leg. During downhill gait, hip and knee flexion increased in the affected leg, and knee flexion increased in the unaffected leg during the early swing phase. However, the ankle plantar flexion increased during the stance phase only in the unaffected leg. Although alterations in temporospatial variables and joint kinematics occurred in both legs as the slope angle changed, they showed different adaptation mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gait Adaptation Is Different between the Affected and Unaffected Legs in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy While Walking on a Changing Slope

et al. 2022

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of thorough understanding of abnormal gait patterns for children with spastic CP during inclined treadmill walking using three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis including kinematics, kinetics, and dynamic balance analysis. Only kinematic data is reported in most of the aforementioned studies [14, 15]. The use of two-dimensional (2D) motion cameras [15] also loses considerable measurement accuracy for this data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only kinematic data is reported in most of the aforementioned studies [14, 15]. The use of two-dimensional (2D) motion cameras [15] also loses considerable measurement accuracy for this data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Characteristics of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy during Inclined Treadmill Walking under a Virtual Reality Environment

Liang²,

Kang³

et al. 2019

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Objective. To investigate gait characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy during inclined treadmill walking under a virtual reality environment. Methods. Ten spastic cerebral palsy (CP) children and ten typically developing (TD) children were asked to walk at their comfortable speed on a treadmill at a ground level and 10° inclined. Three-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction force data were captured in a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment system. Kinetic parameters and dynamic balance parameters were calculated using a standard biomechanical approach. Results. During uphill walking, both groups decreased walking speed and stride length and increased peak pelvis tilt, ankle dorsiflexion, and hip flexion. Compared with TD children, CP children had decreased walking speed and stride length, decreased peak hip abduction moment, increased stance phase percentage, increased peak ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion, and increased peak hip extension moment. The peak trunk rotation angle, ankle angle at initial contact, and stride length showed a significant group∗walking condition interaction effect. Conclusions. CP children showed similar adjustments for most gait parameters during uphill walking as TD children. With a lower walking speed, CP children could maintain similar dynamic balance as TD children. Uphill walking magnifies the existing abnormal gait patterns of the cerebral palsy children. We suggest that during a treadmill training with an inclination, the walking speed should be carefully controlled in the case of improving peak joint loading too much.

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Gait function on inclined surfaces of children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy- a focus on temporo-spacial parameters and foot positioning at initial contact

et al. 2017

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Level Versus Inclined Walking

Abstract: Children with CP adapt to inclined walking conditions similarly to peers but use greater postural adaptations.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Gait Adaptation Is Different between the Affected and Unaffected Legs in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy While Walking on a Changing Slope

Gait Adaptation Is Different between the Affected and Unaffected Legs in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy While Walking on a Changing Slope

Gait Characteristics of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy during Inclined Treadmill Walking under a Virtual Reality Environment

Gait function on inclined surfaces of children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy- a focus on temporo-spacial parameters and foot positioning at initial contact

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