Considerations and Evidence for an ADHD Outcome Measure

Woods, Diana Lynn; Wolraich, Mark L.; Pierce, Karen; Dimarco, Lindsay; Müller, Nicole; Sachdeva, Ramesh

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.011

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We found that most outcome measures used in ADHD studies are a reflection of DSM symptoms, a finding that extends those of previous literature reviews of outcome assessments in pediatric ADHD. 7,9 Epstein and Weiss reviewed measures used to assess treatment response in individuals with ADHD across the life span. 9 Although findings were not stratified into adults versus children/ adolescents, the review reported that most studies assessing ADHD treatment effects used DSM-based symptom measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Another literature review corroborated that DSM-based rating scales were most frequently used to measure treatment outcomes. 7 Although DSM criteria measure symptom severity, they may not assess the full range of symptoms and/or impacts important to patients and their caregivers. Hence, relying on DSM-based outcome measures may result in a failure to assess treatment benefit in ADHD comprehensively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Outcome measures in clinical trials for ADHD treatments are often rating instruments based on symptom criteria defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). 7 The symptoms of ADHD listed in both the Fourth and Fifth Editions (DSM-IV and DSM-5, respectively) are the same; changes between the 2 diagnostic editions were limited to additional examples of symptom manifestations, criteria for age of onset, and minor wording changes (eg, ADHD "types" in the DSM-IV are called "presentations" in the DSM-5). 8 However, individuals with ADHD are typically referred for evaluation and treatment because of dysfunction in social, emotional, familial, academic, and/or occupational roles rather than ADHD symptoms alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

<p>Review of Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</p>

Markowitz¹,

Oberdhan²,

Ciesluk³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Purpose: Various clinical outcome assessments (COAs) are used in clinical research to assess and monitor treatment efficacy in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trials. It is unclear whether the concepts assessed are those that are important to patients and their caregivers. The concepts measured by commonly used COAs in this population have not been explicitly compared. Methods: We conducted reviews of the qualitative literature to extract information on pediatric ADHD-related concepts reported by pediatric patients, parents, and teachers. Using these concepts, we developed a conceptual framework of pediatric ADHD using both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria and the additional symptoms and behavioral impacts identified in the literature. We searched for COAs that have been used in pediatric ADHD research and mapped their items based on their conceptual underpinning. Results: Of the 27 COAs found in the empirical literature, 4 COAs assessed only DSM symptoms. The most comprehensive coverage of our conceptual framework was seen in the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-DSM-IV (SNAP-IV). Eighteen COAs were used in at least 1 clinical trial: ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was used most often (n=77), followed by SNAP-IV (n=50), Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP; n=31), Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS; n=24), and Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS; n=15). Conclusion: We identified symptoms and behavioral impacts from qualitative studies in pediatric ADHD that are not included in DSM-based criteria. Most COAs used in pediatric ADHD clinical trials measure only those symptoms listed in the DSM. While these COAs can measure symptom severity, they may not assess the full range of symptoms and impacts important to patients and their caregivers. Future research is needed to measure all concepts important to patients and caregivers within ADHD clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<p>Review of Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</p>

Markowitz¹,

Oberdhan²,

Ciesluk³

et al. 2020

NDT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sum scores of each subscale were then dichotomized to indicate clinical significance or its absence of the symptoms on any of the three subscales. For this study, the condition of controlled ADHD symptoms was that treatment decreased symptoms on both the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales (<16 points on the inattention subscale and <14 points on the hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale from the Thai version of SNAP-IV) as these are commonly used in clinical practice and the literature [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Family Functioning and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Poor family functioning is linked with poor child ADHD symptoms. However, there are many dimensions of family functioning. Thus, this study aims to find the association between each dimension of family functioning and controlled ADHD symptoms in an Asian culture. This cross-sectional study involved caregivers of 113 Thai children with ADHD ages 4–16 years old who visited the Outpatient Department at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between October 2017 and March 2018. The caregivers completed the Chulalongkorn Family Inventory and the SNAP-IV Thai version. Logistic regression was used to examine each dimension of family functioning adjusting for potential confounders. In univariate analyses, six of the seven dimensions of family functioning were associated with controlled ADHD symptoms. In multivariate analyses, findings revealed that good family roles (aOR 7.48, 95% CI = 1.56 to 35.85, p = 0.01) and behavior control (aOR 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08 to 6.03, p = 0.03) were associated with controlled ADHD symptoms. In children with ADHD with poor symptom control, the assessment of family functioning could be helpful. Developing a more specific intervention for caregivers that promotes good family roles and behavioral control may be beneficial.

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“…ADHD is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 3% to 11% of all children, with symptoms frequently persisting into adulthood (Bell, 2011; Faraone et al, 2006; Faraone, Sergeant, Gillberg, & Biederman, 2003; Tamam, Karakus, & Ozpoyraz, 2008; Woo & Keatinge, 2008; Woods et al, 2014). Individuals with ADHD tend to suffer from emotion dysregulation (Shaw, Stringaris, Nigg, & Leibenluft, 2014), which has been found to be associated with impairments in various domains, such as cognitive, social, and occupational functioning (Shushakova, Ohrmann, & Pedersen, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Recognition of Ambiguous Emotional Facial Expressions in Individuals With ADHD

et al. 2018

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Considerations and Evidence for an ADHD Outcome Measure

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

<p>Review of Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</p>

<p>Review of Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</p>

Associations between Family Functioning and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Recognition of Ambiguous Emotional Facial Expressions in Individuals With ADHD

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