Direct visualization of the novel pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris, in the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) using fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract:Spiroplasma eriocheiris is the first spiroplasma strain known to be pathogenic to freshwater crustaceans. It has caused considerable economic losses both in the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and in some other crustaceans. The monitoring of the pathogen in crustacean populations and study of its behaviour in the laboratory require the development of reliable diagnostic tools. In this article, we improved microscopic identification of S. eriocheiris by combining in situ hybridization with spec… Show more
“…Some studies investigated the possible role of Spiroplasma in the pathogenesis of vertebrate-associated neurodegenerative diseases, although no clear evidence that this bacterium is involved in this process has been shown [19]. No data regarding Spiroplasma pathogenicity in fish exist; however, recently one species of Spiroplasma, S. eriocheiris, was identified as a pathogenic species in freshwater crayfish [20].…”
In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and from the wild. The results demonstrated that wild fish carry a great variety of bacterial species (448 species with a prevalence of at least 0.01% from the total number of reads). Aquacultured individuals harbored 2.56 times fewer species in their gut. Significant microbial differences were observed in all taxonomic ranks, including bacterial classes and phyla. Besides bacterial variety, it was determined that aquacultured fish harbored more bacteria that are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial indicators was more common in aquacultured fish than in wild fish, therefore fish farming may be a potential source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
“…Some studies investigated the possible role of Spiroplasma in the pathogenesis of vertebrate-associated neurodegenerative diseases, although no clear evidence that this bacterium is involved in this process has been shown [19]. No data regarding Spiroplasma pathogenicity in fish exist; however, recently one species of Spiroplasma, S. eriocheiris, was identified as a pathogenic species in freshwater crayfish [20].…”
In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and from the wild. The results demonstrated that wild fish carry a great variety of bacterial species (448 species with a prevalence of at least 0.01% from the total number of reads). Aquacultured individuals harbored 2.56 times fewer species in their gut. Significant microbial differences were observed in all taxonomic ranks, including bacterial classes and phyla. Besides bacterial variety, it was determined that aquacultured fish harbored more bacteria that are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial indicators was more common in aquacultured fish than in wild fish, therefore fish farming may be a potential source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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