The Efficacy of Serostatus Disclosure for HIV Transmission Risk Reduction

O’Connell, Ann A.; Reed, Sandra; Serovich, Julianne A.

doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0848-2

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Mathematical modeling shows that increases in HIV status disclosure to sex partners of infected individuals may reduce HIV transmission risks by as much as 40-60%. 5,6 Empirical studies confirm that individuals who disclose their HIV status are less likely to have multiple sex partners and more likely to use condoms with uninfected partners. 7 However, the factors that influence HIV status disclosure to sex partners are evolving, as HIV treatments are now used for HIV prevention and people may be informed that condoms are not necessary for preventing HIV transmission if they have undetected HIV in their blood plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Disclosure and Transmission Risks to Sex Partners Among HIV-Positive Men

Kalichman

Cherry

et al. 2016

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Disclosure of HIV-positive status to sex partners is critical to protecting uninfected partners. In addition, people living with HIV often risk criminal prosecution when they do not inform sex partners of their HIV status. The current study examined factors associated with nondisclosure of HIV status by men living with HIV in Atlanta, GA (92% African African, mean age = 43.8), who engage in condomless sex with uninfected sex partners. Sexually active HIV-positive men (N = 538) completed daily electronic sexual behavior assessments over the course of 28 days and completed computerized interviews, drug testing, medication adherence assessments, and HIV viral load retrieved from medical records. Results showed that 166 (30%) men had engaged in condomless vaginal or anal intercourse with an HIV-uninfected or unknown HIV status sex partner to whom they had not disclosed their HIV status. Men who engaged in nondisclosed condomless sex were less adherent to their HIV treatment, more likely to have unsuppressed HIV, demonstrated poorer disclosure self-efficacy, enacted fewer risk reduction communication skills, and held more beliefs that people with HIV are less infectious when treated with antiretroviral therapy. We conclude that undisclosed HIV status is common and related to condomless sex with uninfected partners. Men who engage in nondisclosed condomless sex may also be more infectious given their nonadherence and viral load. Interventions are needed in HIV treatment as prevention contexts that attend to disclosure laws and enhance disclosure self-efficacy, improve risk reduction communication skills, and increase understanding of HIV infectiousness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Disclosure and Transmission Risks to Sex Partners Among HIV-Positive Men

Kalichman

Cherry

et al. 2016

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners has been considered an integral part of HIV prevention; it is theorised that disclosure is associated with increased condom use or adoption of seroadaptive practices, hence reducing HIV transmission risk (Marks & Crepaz, 2001;O'Connell, Reed, & Serovich, 2015;Serovich, Reed, O'Connell, & Laschober, 2018). However, it remains unclear whether increases in the prevalence of disclosure to sexual partners overall have any effect on reducing the prevalence of condomless sex (CLS) (Conserve, Groves, & Maman, 2015;Hirsch Allen et al, 2014;Przybyla et al, 2014;Wilson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes to disclosure of HIV-serostatus to new sexual partners and sexual behaviours among HIV-diagnosed gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the UK

et al. 2020

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2020):Attitudes to disclosure of HIV-serostatus to new sexual partners and sexual behaviours among HIV-diagnosed gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the UK, AIDS Care, ABSTRACT We assessed attitudes to disclosure to new sexual partners and association with sexual behaviours among HIV-diagnosed gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the UK Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) study in 2011-12. Among 1373 GBMSM diagnosed with HIV for ≥3 months and reporting sex in the past three months (84% on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 75% viral load (VL) ≤50c/mL), 56.3% reported higher sexual disclosure ("agree" or "tend to agree" with "I'd expect to tell a new partner I'm HIV-positive before we have sex"). GBMSM on ART with self-reported undetectable VL had lower disclosure than those on ART without self-reported undetectable VL and those not on ART. Higher sexual disclosure was associated with higher prevalence of CLS in the past three months; this was due to its association with CLS with other HIV-positive partners. Higher sexual disclosure was more common among GBMSM who had CLS with other HIV-positive partners only (72.1%) compared to those who had higher-risk CLS with HIV-serodifferent partners (55.6%), other CLS with HIVserodifferent partners (45.9%), or condom-protected sex only (47.6%). Findings suggest mutual HIV-disclosure and HIV-serosorting were occurring in this population. Knowledge of VL status may have impacted on disclosure to sexual partners. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…For example, HIV serostatus disclosure can lead to social support, closeness in relationships, antiretroviral therapy initiation and adherence, psychological and physical wellbeing for people living with HIV (PLWH) [1-8]. From a public health perspective, disclosure of HIV serostatus is also vital because it allows sexual partners the opportunity to seek HIV testing and communicate about safer-sex practices, which can increase condom use and lead to an estimated 61 % reduction in the risk of HIV transmission [9-13]. Disclosure of HIV serostatus can also help with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), as HIV-positive pregnant women who disclose to their sexual partners have more assistance to successfully follow the PMTCT requirements [14-17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Interventions Promoting HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners: A Systematic Review

2015

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Disclosure of HIV serostatus to sexual partners is mandated within certain states in the United States and other countries. Despite these laws implemented and public health efforts to increase disclosure, rates of disclosure to sexual partners among people living with HIV (PLWH) remain low, suggesting the need for interventions to assist PLWH with the disclosure process. We conducted a systematic review of studies testing whether HIV serostatus disclosure interventions increase disclosure to sexual partners. We searched six electronic databases and screened 484 records. Five studies published between 2005 and 2012 met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Results showed that three of the HIV serostatus disclosure-related intervention studies were efficacious in promoting disclosure to sexual partners. Although all three studies were conducted in the United States the intervention content and measurements of disclosure across the studies varied, so broad conclusions are not possible. The findings suggest that more rigorous HIV serostatus disclosure-related intervention trials targeting different populations in the United States and abroad are needed to facilitate disclosure to sexual partners.

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The Efficacy of Serostatus Disclosure for HIV Transmission Risk Reduction

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

HIV Disclosure and Transmission Risks to Sex Partners Among HIV-Positive Men

HIV Disclosure and Transmission Risks to Sex Partners Among HIV-Positive Men

Attitudes to disclosure of HIV-serostatus to new sexual partners and sexual behaviours among HIV-diagnosed gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the UK

Effectiveness of Interventions Promoting HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners: A Systematic Review

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