Anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-reducing properties of apolipoprotein mimetics: a review

Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F blocks sphingomyelinase-induced LDL aggregation

“…However, recent studies ( 56, 57 ) have indicated that the antiatherogenic properties of 4F are largely due to its ability to modulate the level of oxidized phospholipids in the intestine. Because the mechanisms by which 4F exerts antiatherogenic properties is extremely complex ( 57,58 ), it is likely that 4F may function through multiple mechanisms and that combination of these properties may be responsible for the net in vivo atheroprotection. In the present study, we have demonstrated that 4F suppresses the binding of SMase-modifi ed LDL to proteoglycans, thereby providing a novel mechanism for antiatherogenic properties of 4F.…”

Atherogenic lipids and macrophage subsets

“…Although many advances in the understanding of macrophage and foam cell biology have emerged from the study of oxidized lipoproteins and lipids, these studies have not examined the role of LPA in determining macrophage polarity. However, apoA-I mimetics have been reported to polarize macrophages towards M2 cells [38].…”

Novel method for reducing plasma cholesterol: a ligand replacement therapy

“…A recent review describes in detail the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides [31]. This article will focus on apoE as a ligand for alternative receptors, the peptide mimetics based on the properties of apoE, and we will describe how apoE mimetics supplement or replace apoE as a ligand.…”