Female military medical school graduates entering surgical internships: are we keeping up with national trends?

Vertrees, Amy; Laferriere, Nicole; Elster, Eric A.; Shriver, Craig D.; Rich, Norman M.

doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.05.009

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[4][5][6][7][8] However, overwhelmingly both women and men wish for a flexible schedule to support a home life and quality of life. [10][11][12] The surgical profession needs to consider the opinions of their young surgeons and residents to attract qualified applicants. [21][22][23][24][25] With more than 57% of all medical residents being women but less than 50% applying to surgical residency, there is a real chance of missed candidates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Medical and surgical scholars identify the discrepancy between the number of women in medicine and the number of women in surgery as a threat to quality of care. [10][11][12][13][14][15] With over half of the applicants to medical school being women but less than half applying to surgery; bright candidates are missed. 11 A key challenge and opportunity is the poor exposure to surgery in undergrad or medical school.…”

Section: Education and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Undergrads and medical students identified favourably with a career in surgery if they have a positive experience through exposure to women surgeon faculty and mentorship. [11][12][13][14] Overwhelmingly, the literature points to positive mentorship experience facilitated by women surgeons as a vessel to overcome the low number of women applicant rates to surgery and gearing learning objectives to domains appreciated by women surgeons. 13 15 Although surgical residents identified knowledge-based and skill-based learning goals in their final years of residency, the women surgical residents leaned towards attitudinal learning goals and knowledge base (table 1).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Women in surgery: a systematic review of 25 years

Singh

Loseth

Shoqirat

2020

leader

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of women entering medicine significantly increased over the last decades. Currently, over half of the medical students are women but less than half are applying to surgery and even less go on to surgical specialties. Even fewer women are seen in leadership roles throughout the profession of surgery and surgical residency. Our purpose of the literature review is to identify any themes, which would provide insight to the current phenomenon. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method for a systematic review of the literature over a 20-year period (1998–2018). Five broad themes were identified: education and recruitment, career development, impact of/on life around the globe and surgical subspecialties as areas of barriers for women entering or considering surgery. The systematic review suggests there are opportunities to improve and encourage women entering the profession of surgery as well as the quality of life for surgeons. Creating systems for mentorship across programmes, having policies to support work–life balance and recognising surgical training overlaps with childbearing years are key opportunities for improvement. Improving the current status in surgery will require direction from leadership.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Education and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Women in surgery: a systematic review of 25 years

Singh

Loseth

Shoqirat

2020

leader

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of 4077 retrieved studies, we reviewed 154 full-text articles, with 91 eligible studies published between 1995 and 2022 (Figure). Most studies (57 [62.6%]) were published in or after 2018 (eTable 1 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice

Rousta,

Hussein,

Kohly

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceSex-based research in medicine has revealed inequities against females on almost every metric at almost every career stage; ophthalmology is no exception.ObjectiveTo systematically review the experiences of females in ophthalmology (FiO) from training through practice in high-income countries (HICs).Evidence ReviewA systematic review of English-language studies, published between January 1990 and May 2022, relating to FiO in HICs was performed. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase electronic databases were searched, as well as the Journal of Academic Ophthalmology as it was not indexed in the searched databases. Studies were organized by theme at each career stage, starting in medical school when an interest in ophthalmology is expressed, and extending up to retirement.FindingsA total of 91 studies, 87 cross-sectional and 4 cohort, were included. In medical school, mentorship and recruitment of female students into ophthalmology was influenced by sex bias, with fewer females identifying with ophthalmologist mentors and gender stereotypes perpetuated in reference letters written by both male and female referees. In residency, females had unequal learning opportunities, with lower surgical case volumes than male trainees and fewer females pursued fellowships in lucrative subspecialties. In practice, female ophthalmologists had lower incomes, less academic success, and poorer representation in leadership roles. Female ophthalmologists had a greater scholarly impact factor than their male counterparts, but this was only after approximately 30 years of publication experience. Pervasive throughout all stages of training and practice was the experience of greater sexual harassment among females from both patients and colleagues. Despite these disparities, some studies found that females reported equal overall career satisfaction rating with males in ophthalmology, whereas others suggested higher burnout rates.Conclusions and RelevanceOphthalmology is approaching sex parity, however, the increase in the proportion of females in ophthalmology had not translated to an increase in female representation in leadership positions. Sex disparities persisted across many domains including recruitment, training, practice patterns, academic productivity, and income. Interventions may improve sex equity in the field.

show abstract

“…Additionally, the US program admits students after four years of college and most graduates enter residencies in military hospitals immediately following graduation. This makes it difficult to extrapolate from the US to the Israeli program [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical specialty selection criteria of Israeli medical students early in their clinical experience: subgroups

Avidan

Weissman

Elchalal

et al. 2018

Isr J Health Policy Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIsraeli medical school classes include a number of student subgroups. Therefore, interventions aimed at recruiting medical students to the various specialties should to be tailored to each subgroup.MethodsQuestionnaires, distributed to 6 consecutive 5th-year classes of the Hebrew University – Hadassah School of Medicine, elicited information on criteria for choosing a career specialty, criteria for choosing a residency program and the importance of finding a specialty interesting and challenging when choosing a residency.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were returned by 540 of 769 (70%) students. The decision processes for choosing a medical specialty and choosing a residency program were different. Family and colleagues had minimal influence on choosing a specialty, while family and their residential locality had much influence on choosing a residency, especially among women. Older age, marriage, and spousal influence were positively associated with choice of a specialty. Two-thirds of the students had completed military service, 20% were attending medical school prior to military service, 5% had completed national service and 9% had entered medical school without serving. Despite the pre-military subgroup being younger and having another 7 years of medical school, internship and military service before residency, they had begun thinking about which specialty to choose, just like the post-military students. When choosing a residency program, post-military women were more influenced by their families and family residential locality than their pre-military counterparts; differences ascribed to the older and often married post-military women having or wanting to begin families. This difference was reinforced by fewer post- than pre-military women willing to wait 2-3 years for a residency in the specialty that interested them most and were willing to begin residency immediately after internship in a specialty that interested them less.ConclusionsMedical school classes are composed of various subgroups, each with its own characteristics. It is important to differentiate between choosing a specialty and a residency program. Choosing a specialty is a uniquely personal decision with some spousal influence among married students. It is of central importance even among pre-military students not slated to begin residency for many years. In contrast, choosing a residency program is influenced by family, where one grew up and other family-related considerations.

show abstract

Female military medical school graduates entering surgical internships: are we keeping up with national trends?

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Women in surgery: a systematic review of 25 years

Women in surgery: a systematic review of 25 years

Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice

Medical specialty selection criteria of Israeli medical students early in their clinical experience: subgroups

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About