May the Thyroid Gland and Thyroperoxidase Participate in Nitrosylation of Serum Proteins and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease?

Abstract

The research group has detected nitrosative stress and a singular version of nitrosylated serum a-synuclein in serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Dysfunction of the thyroid gland has been proposed to be linked to this disease. The aim of the study was to know if the thyroid gland is involved in idiopathic PD and nitrosative stress. We studied 50 patients (early and advanced disease patients), 35 controls, and 6 subjects with thyroidectomy. Clinical characteristics, serum thyroperoxidase levels, and 3-nitrotyrosine proteins were analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting methods were employed. The findings indicated that the prevalence of two thyroid dysfunctions (hyper-or hypothyroidism) was not found to be different in patients relative to controls. However, the levels of the enzyme thyroperoxidase were found to be elevated in early disease patients ( p < 0.006), not in advanced disease subjects, and these levels were negatively correlated with serum 3-nitrotyrosine proteins ( p < 0.05), the indicators of nitrosative stress. The thyroidectomized subjects showed very low levels of serum 3-nitrotyrosine proteins (78% reduction vs. controls) and, among these proteins, the nitrosylated serum a-synuclein was nearly absent. These observations lead to the hypothesis that the thyroid gland and thyroperoxidase participate in nitrosylation of serum proteins and they could influence Parkinsonian nitrosative stress as well as nitrosylation of serum a-synuclein, a potentially pathogenic factor.

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

“…They further verified the possible neurological differences between PD and non-PD patients as being related to thyroid autoimmunity and function. Recently, increasing data have confirmed that hypo- and hyperthyroidism are more prevalent in PD patients than in normal controls because thyroperoxidase can influence PD nitrosative stress as well as serum α-syn nitrosylation ( 98 ). Likewise, in the last year, Bartkiewicz et al confirmed that patients suffering bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune blistering dermatosis that occurs in the elderly, were more likely to suffer from neurological and psychiatric diseases, particularly prior to the diagnosis of BP ( 99 ).…”

Selected oxidative stress biomarkers in antenatal diagnosis as 11–14 gestational weeks

“…Available research does not make it possible to conclusively interpret S-nitrosothiols as oxidative stress marker. However, in some papers, reduced levels of nitrosylation were demonstrated in patients with such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease [31,32]. The adverse effect of S-nitrosothiols on reproduction cannot be excluded.…”

SUMOylation of Alpha-Synuclein Influences on Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Induced by Methamphetamine

“…They visualized tiny α-syn was rich in the cortex of neurodegenerative diseases patients (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2010 ). Posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, nitrosylation and ubiquitination of α-syn have been found to play roles in α-syn accumulation and aggregation (Fernández et al, 2014 ; Alexopoulou et al, 2016 ; Kumar P. et al, 2017 ; Kumar R. et al, 2017 ; Zhong et al, 2017 ).…”