Effects of Two Different Anesthetic Protocols on Cardiac Flow Measured by Two Dimensional Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Drees, Randi; Johnson, Rebecca A.; Stepien, Rebecca L.; Río, Alejandro Muñoz del; François, Christopher J.

doi:10.1111/vru.12200

Cited by 9 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In addition, a standardized anesthetic protocol was not used thus variations in aortic flow could have altered coronary artery imaging. However, previous publications evaluating coronary anatomy during CT angiography and aortic flow based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, found no significant difference between the two anesthetic protocols that were studied …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Gunther-Harrington

Phillips

Visser

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Coronary artery anomalies have been reported in Bulldogs and present an increased risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. Identification of coronary anomalies has been reported using multidetector‐row computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography with electrocardiographic gating. However, the utility of non‐electrocardiographic‐gated 16‐row computed tomographic for MDCT for the identification of coronary artery anatomy or anomalies to the authors’ knowledge has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic (CT) angiography to identify coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis. In this prospective, observational study, Bulldogs with echocardiographically diagnosed pulmonary valve stenosis, an echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient >70 mm Hg, and a clinician recommendation for balloon valvuloplasty were included. Anesthetized dogs underwent a 16‐row MDCT non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. A board‐certified veterinary radiologist and board‐certified veterinary cardiologist reviewed the CT angiography studies and identified the coronary artery anatomy. When normal coronary artery anatomy was detected on CT angiography, a right ventricular outflow tract fluoroscopic angiogram was performed and evaluated during levophase to confirm normal coronary anatomy prior to balloon valvuloplasty. Dogs with coronary anomalies noted on CT angiography were recovered from anesthesia and balloon valvuloplasty was not performed. All dogs (10/10; 100%) had interpretable images from the non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. Coronary anomalies were identified in six dogs based on non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography, five with type R2A anomaly and one had a single left coronary ostium. Four dogs had normal coronary anatomy based on non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed without incident in these four dogs. We conclude that non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography represents a noninvasive method for diagnosing coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Gunther-Harrington

Phillips

Visser

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Although echocardiography is commonly conducted with the patient awake, sedation or general anesthesia is typically necessary to allow for patient restraint during the image acquisition using CT and MRI. The effect of different drug protocols may alter the functional or anatomical variables determined from CT and MRI examinations and has therefore been the subject of several publications . Similarly, cross‐modality correlation and the need for establishment of reference values has prompted several publications, including the first cross‐sectional study published in VRU in 2005 by MacDonald et al using MRI to quality left ventricular mass compared to echocardiography in cats .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heart and especially the coronary arteries of our companion animals are much smaller compared to our human counterparts, and heart rates are much higher. These factors indicate the need for high spatial resolution while maintaining rapid scan acquisition; hence, several investigations used advanced multidetector CT units (eg, 64 MDCT) and high‐field MRI (eg, 3T) to establish the feasibility to image these small and fast‐moving structures . Electrocardiographic (ECG) gating is used to match the phase of image acquisition to the phase of the cardiac cycle and is necessary to perform functional evaluation of the heart, using planar and volumetric measurements .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

journal/jvim used advanced multidetector CT units (eg, 64 MDCT) and high-field MRI (eg, 3T) to establish the feasibility to image these small and fast-moving structures. [21][22][23] Electrocardiographic (ECG) gating is used to match the phase of image acquisition to the phase of the cardiac cycle and is necessary to perform functional evaluation of the heart, using planar and volumetric measurements. 28 Although ECG gating is routinely used in human patients for evaluation of the coronary arteries, the use of computed tomographic angiography for depiction of the coronary arteries in Bulldogs has been demonstrated without ECG gating, 30 making the technique available to a wider community because not all scanners are able to be equipped with ECG gating and the installation of the necessary softand hardware can be cost prohibitive.Computed tomography in particular has been used for a detailed global assessment of thoracic structures beyond the heart, to determine secondary cardiac effects from thoracic changes, and to evaluate sequelae to cardiac disease and extracardiac vascular anomalies, allowing for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of different drug protocols may alter the functional or anatomical variables determined from CT and MRI examinations and has therefore been the subject of several publications. [21][22][23] Similarly, cross-modality correlation and the need for establishment of reference values has prompted several publications, [23][24][25][26] including the first cross-sectional study published in VRU in 2005 by MacDonald et al using MRI to quality left ventricular mass compared to echocardiography in cats. 27 Exact timing of the image acquisition in relation to the contrast medium highlighting the vascular bed of interest for angiography studies generally requires a power injector; specific bolus tracking software allows patient-specific timing of the image acquisition which has been addressed in a review article.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Joint virtual issue on recent advances in veterinary cardiac imaging

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Drees

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Assessment of mitral regurgitation in dogs: comparison of results of echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging

Sargent

Connolly

Watts

et al. 2015

J of Small Animal Practice

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will have a poorer outcome with increased risk of congestive cardiac failure and premature death, but this has never been clearly demonstrated. This is in part due to lack of a validated gold standard technique with which to accurately quantify MR.Several studies have investigated the association of echocardiographic measures on survival or onset of congestive heart INTRODUCTIONMitral regurgitation (MR) associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is highly prevalent in older small breed dogs (Whitney 1974, Thrusfield et al. 1985 and is the third most common cause of death in this species (Haggstrom et al. 2004). It is reasonable to suspect that dogs with worse MR RESULTS: Measurement of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived mitral regurgitant fraction was attempted in 21 dogs. Twelve consecutive, complete studies were obtained and 10 dogs were included in the final analysis: vena contracta/aortic diameter (r=0·89, p=0·001) and E-wave velocity (r=0·86, p=0·001) had the strongest correlations with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived mitral regurgitant fraction. E velocity had superior repeatability and could be measured in all dogs.The presence of multiple jets precluded vena contracta/aortic diameter measurement in one dog.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Measurement of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived mitral regurgitant fraction is feasible but technically demanding. The echocardiographic measures that correlated most closely with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived mitral regurgitant fraction were vena contracta/aortic diameter and E-wave velocity.

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Effects of Two Different Anesthetic Protocols on Cardiac Flow Measured by Two Dimensional Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Joint virtual issue on recent advances in veterinary cardiac imaging

Assessment of mitral regurgitation in dogs: comparison of results of echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging

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