Suicidal behaviour and memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richard‐Devantoy, Stéphane; Berlim, Marcelo T.; Jollant, Fabrice

doi:10.3109/15622975.2014.925584

Cited by 118 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…While neither medication was superior in this modest-sized sample, post-treatment test scores were similar to those in normative samples, with z-scores around zero in most neurocognitive domains. This indicates that antidepressant treatment is capable of normalizing neurocognitive deficits in patients with elevated suicide risk, including those in the attention and memory domains, which have consistently been shown to be associated with suicidal behavior (Keilp et al, 2013; Jollant et al, 2011; Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014a; Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014b). Patients also reported improvement on a subjective measure of cognitive difficulties, but this subjective report did not correlate with changes on the neurocognitive measures themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These impairments extend beyond the neurocognitive problems associated with depression. Poorer performance on tests of attention, memory and language fluency are most consistently reported in depressed suicide attempter samples (Keilp et al, 2013; Jollant et al, 2011; Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014a; Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014b). Antidepressant treatment can improve neurocognitive performance in patients with major depression (Constant et al, 2005; Gallassi et al, 2006; Herrera-Guzman et al, 2008; Herrera-Guzman et al, 2009), but it is unknown if it is effective in reducing neurocognitive deficits that are specifically related to the risk for suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: Paroxetine vs. bupropion

Gorlyn¹,

Keilp²,

Burke³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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Neuropsychological dysfunction is associated with risk for suicidal behavior, but it is unknown if antidepressant medication treatment is effective in reducing this dysfunction, or if specific medications might be more beneficial. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline and after eight weeks of treatment within a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing paroxetine and bupropion in study of patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and either past suicide attempt or current suicidal thoughts. Change in neurocognitive performance was compared between assessments and between medication groups. Treatment effects on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Scale for Suicidal Ideation were compared with neurocognitive improvement. Neurocognitive functioning improved after treatment in all patients, without clear advantage for either medication. Improvement in memory performance was associated with a reduction in suicidal ideation independent of the improvement of depression severity. Overall, antidepressant medication improved neurocognitive performance in patients with major depression and suicide risk. Reduced suicidal ideation was best predicted by a combination of the independent improvements in both depression symptomatology and verbal memory. Targeted treatment of neurocognitive dysfunction in these patients may augment standard medication treatment for reducing suicidal behavior risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: Paroxetine vs. bupropion

Gorlyn¹,

Keilp²,

Burke³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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“…In addition, some studies indicated that poor performance on Stroop task may be confined to certain MDD psychopathology. For example, Keilp et al (2008) reported that depressed past suicide attempters showed more attention deficits than depressed non-attempters and control subjects, and these deficits were more even pronounced in high lethality suicide attempters (Keilp et al, 2001; Richard-Devantoy, Berlim, & Jollant, 2015; Richard-Devantoy, Szanto, Butters, Kalkus, & Dombrovski, 2015). Two other studies found greater impairment of cognitive inhibition for MDD patients with psychotic features compared to those without psychotic features and control subjects (Gomez et al, 2006; Schatzberg et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter correlates of impaired attention control in major depressive disorder and healthy volunteers

Rizk

Rubin‐Falcone

Keilp

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impaired attention control and alterations in frontal-subcortical connectivity. We hypothesized that attention control as assessed by Stroop task interference depends on white matter integrity in fronto-cingulate regions and assessed this relationship using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in MDD and healthy volunteers (HV). Methods DTI images and Stroop task were acquired in 29 unmedicated MDD patients and 16 HVs, aged 18–65 years. The relationship between Stroop interference and fractional anisotropy (FA) was examined using region-of-interest (ROI) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses. Results ROI analysis revealed that Stroop interference correlated positively with FA in left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) in HVs (r= 0.62, p= 0.01), but not in MDD (r= −0.05, p= 0.79) even after controlling for depression severity. The left cACC was among 4 ROIs in fronto-cingulate network where FA was lower in MDD relative to HVs (F(1,41)= 8.87, p= 0.005). Additionally, TBSS showed the same group interaction of differences and correlations, although only at a statistical trend level. Limitations The modest sample size limits the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions Structural connectivity of white matter network of cACC correlated with magnitude of Stroop interference in HVs, but not MDD. The cACC-frontal network, sub-serving attention control, may be disrupted in MDD. Less cognitive control may include enhanced effects of salience in HVs, or less effective response inhibition in MDD. Further studies of salience and inhibition components of executive function may better elucidate the relationship between brain white matter changes and executive dysfunction in MDD.

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“…Other studies, which did not meet criteria for inclusion in the current review, found associations between impairments in memory (especially autobiographical memory) and repetition of self-harm (Richard-Devantoy et al, 2015). Sinclair found that low memory specificity mediated the association between childhood sexual abuse and "recent" self-harm episodes (Sinclair et al, 2007).…”

Section: Memory Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors identified include risky decisionmaking (Clark et al, 2011;Jollant et al, 2005;Jollant et al, 2010;Oldershaw et al, 2009;Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014a), weak problem solving abilities (D'Zurilla et al, 1998;Pollock and Williams, 2004), deficient cognitive inhibition and high sensitivity to interference (Keilp et al, 2014;Richard-Devantoy et al, 2014a;Richard-Devantoy et al, 2012), memory problems (Richard-Devantoy et al, 2015), and altered implicit processing and explicit recognition of emotional signals (Jollant et al, 2008b;Pan et al, 2013;Richard-Devantoy et al, 2013a). While these observations may be important to understand the mechanisms underlying complex behaviours, it is uncertain if we can use assessment of these factors in an individual to predict the risk of future self-harm.…”

Section: Can We Use Neurocognition To Predict Repetition Of Self-harm?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

Cates

Rees

Jollant

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Background:Prediction of self-harm is limited clinically. Early identification of individuals likely to repeat self-harm could improve outcomes and reduce suicide risk. Various neurocognitive deficits have been found in people who self-harm, but the ability of these to predict repetition has yet to be established Aims:Identify neurocognitive factors that may predict repetition of self-harm. Methods:Systematic narrative review of English language publications assessing neurocognitive functioning and self-harm repetition, searching multiple databases from inception to March 2015. Quality of studies was appraised. A narrative synthesis was performed. Results:7026 unique records were identified, and 169 full-texts assessed. 15 unique studies provided data. No imaging studies could be included. Most studies assessed cognitive control or problem solving, but neither factor was consistently associated with repetition. However, specific tasks may show promise. Two studies in adolescents suggest that value-based decision-making impairments could be predictive of repetition. There were too few results for memory to draw specific conclusions. Conclusions:Selected studies suggest promise for particular neurocognitive factors and specific cognitive tasks in terms of repetition of self-harm.

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Suicidal behaviour and memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Memory may play a significant role in the risk of suicidal acts, perhaps by preventing these individuals from using past experiences to solve current problems and to envision the future, and by altering inhibitory processes. More studies are necessary to better clarify these relationships.

Cited by 118 publications

References 66 publications

Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: Paroxetine vs. bupropion

Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: Paroxetine vs. bupropion

White matter correlates of impaired attention control in major depressive disorder and healthy volunteers

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

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