Tuberculosis Infection Control: Potential Benefit of a New Rapid Tuberculosis Test in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS Reference Hospital

Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo; Trajman, Anete; Cobelens, Frank; Durovni, Betina; Gonçalves, Maurício; Bührer-Sékula, Samira; Saraceni, Valéria

doi:10.1086/677643

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In other studies, the use of NAATs significantly reduced time to diagnosis and initiation of a treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant TB 65 66 In addition, overtreatment of patients with suspected pulmonary TB 67 and exposure time of healthcare workers to patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB were also significantly reduced 68 …”

Section: Naats For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tbmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Review of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests and Clinical Prediction Rules for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Acute Care Facilities

Chitnis

Davis

Schecter

et al. 2015

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of hospitalization and mortality in the United States. Prevention of TB transmission in acute care facilities relies on prompt identification and implementation of airborne isolation, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of presumptive pulmonary TB patients. In areas with low TB burden, this strategy may result in inefficient utilization of airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs). We reviewed TB epidemiology and diagnostic approaches to inform optimal TB detection in low-burden settings. Published clinical prediction rules for individual studies have a sensitivity ranging from 81% to 100% and specificity ranging from 14% to 63% for detection of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients admitted to acute care facilities. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have a specificity of >98%, and the sensitivity of NAATs varies by acid-fast bacilli sputum smear status (positive smear, ≥95%; negative smear, 50%-70%). We propose an infection prevention strategy using a clinical prediction rule to identify patients who warrant diagnostic evaluation for TB in an AIIR with an NAAT. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether use of clinical prediction rules and NAATs results in optimized utilization of AIIRs and improved detection and treatment of presumptive pulmonary TB patients.

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Section: Naats For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tbmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…65,66 In addition, overtreatment of patients with suspected pulmonary TB 67 and exposure time of healthcare workers to patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB were also significantly reduced. 68 …”

Section: Characteristics Points Enter Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%