Nongenetic Risk Factors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Ristau, Tina; Ersoy, Lebriz; Hahn, Moritz; Hollander, Anneke I. den; Kirchhof, Bernd; Liakopoulos, Sandra; Fauser, Sascha

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14299

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Among the 14, 7 were case control studies [14–20], 6 were cross-sectional studies [21–26] and 1 was a cohort study [27]. A total of 8 studies assessed sunlight exposure levels based on time spent outdoors [14, 18, 20–22, 24, 26, 27], 5 studies were based on occupational exposure to sunlight [14, 19, 20, 25, 27], 2 studies were based on living in a sunny region or sunny climate [16, 20], 3 studies were based on calculated doses of sunlight or blue light [15, 23, 25], and 6 studies were based on avoidance of the sun. [16, 17, 23–25, 27]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2018

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundA substantial number of epidemiological studies have investigated the possible associations between sunlight exposure and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), but the results from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of AMD.MethodsRelevant studies were searched using databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled covariates-adjusted odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analyses based on study design, stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude were carried out. The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias.ResultsFourteen eligible studies including 43,934 individuals based on the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The pooled OR for sunlight exposure and AMD was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.98–1.23). In addition, similar insignificant results were observed in further subgroup analyses based on stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude. Sun-avoidance behavior did not decrease the risk of AMD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.76–1.67). Moderate heterogeneity was observed in most of analyses.ConclusionThe results indicate that sunlight exposure may not be associated with increased risk of AMD based on current published data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2018

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…Past studies have identified higher education as a protective factor for developing AMD and the reason for the inverse finding in our Korean cohort is difficult to explain as different levels of education may be associated with numerous other factors the association of which may not have been assessed in this study. [ 17 , 35 , 36 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors and Their Interactions in Korean Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

et al. 2015

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PurposeTo investigate the association of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in Korean patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsA total of 314 robustly characterized exudative AMD patients, including 111 PCV (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy) and 154 typical choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and 395 control subjects without any evidence of AMD were enrolled. Full ophthalmologic examinations including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were done, according to which patients were divided into either PCV or typical CNV. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information regarding underlying systemic diseases, dietary habits, smoking history and body mass index (BMI). A total of 86 SNPs from 31 candidate genes were analyzed. Genotype association and logistic regression analyses were done and stepwise regression models to best predict disease for each AMD subtype were constructed.ResultsAge, spherical equivalent, myopia, and ever smoking were associated with exudative AMD. Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, spherical equivalent, and myopia were risk factors for typical CNV, while increased education and ever smoking were significantly associated with PCV (p<.05 for all). Four SNPs, ARMS2/HTRA1 rs10490924, rs11200638, and rs2736911, and CFH rs800292, showed association with exudative AMD. Two of these SNPs, ARMS2/HTRA1 rs10490924 and rs11200638, showed significant association with typical CNV and PCV specifically. There were no significant interactions between environmental and genetic factors. The most predictive disease model for exudative AMD included age, spherical equivalent, smoking, CFH rs800292, and ARMS2 rs10490924 while that for typical CNV included age, hyperlipidemia, spherical equivalent, and ARMS2 rs10490924. Smoking, spherical equivalent, and ARMS2 rs10490924 were the most predictive variables for PCV. When comparing PCV cases to CNV cases, age, BMI, and education were the most predictive risk factors of PCV.ConclusionsOnly one locus, the ARMS2/HTRA1 was a significant genetic risk factor for Korean exudative AMD, including its subtypes, PCV and typical CNV. Stepwise regression revealed that CFH was important to risk of exudative AMD in general but not to any specific subtype. While increased education was a unique risk factor to PCV when compared to CNV, this association was independent of refractive error in this homogenous population from South Korea. No significant interactions between environmental and genetic risk factors were observed.

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“…Associated non-modifiable risk factors include increased age, gender, genetic factors, Caucasian race and light iris color. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, increased body mass index, alcohol intake and diet (Thomas, Mirza, and Gill 2021;Chapman, Jacobs, and Braakhuis 2019;Ristau et al 2014;Hyman and Neborsky 2002). Multiple genetic risk factors are also associated with AMD.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-neglectable therapeutic options for age-related macular degeneration: A promising perspective from traditional Chinese medicine

et al. 2022

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Nongenetic Risk Factors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract: Seven nongenetic factors are able to provide equivalent discrimination between nAMD patients and controls to genetic risk models. Most of them are modifiable and give the opportunity for counseling patients.

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis

Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis

Analysis of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors and Their Interactions in Korean Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Non-neglectable therapeutic options for age-related macular degeneration: A promising perspective from traditional Chinese medicine

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