Accumulation and distribution of macroelements in the organs ofPhalaris arundinaceaL.: Implication for phytoremediation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess nutrient and alkali metal accumulation and their distribution in the organs of Phalaris arundinacea and relations between environmental macroelement concentrations and accumulation in plant tissues. The content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na in water, bottom sediments and different organs of Phalaris arundinacea from the Bystrzyca River (Lower Silesia) was determined. The organs of the reed canary grass contained relatively high amounts of macroelements and differed significantly in their accumulation. All macroelements other than Na were accumulated in the highest amounts in aboveground, photosynthetic tissues. Phalaris arundinacea is an Na and Ca excluder plant and an N, P, Mg and K accumulator. Transport efficiency from bottom sediments to plant roots was higher than between plant organs. Nitrogen, P and K are taken up actively while Ca passively. The high translocation ratio of nutrients, particularly for Ca, Mg, K and N, makes the reed canary grass suitable for nutrient phytoextraction from water and bottom sediments of eutrophic lakes and rivers. Bottom sediments can be considered the primary source of Ca for Phalaris arundinacea.

Potential local adaptation in populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) across an urbanization gradient

“…Although there is some evidence that reed canary grass has genetic (Haiminen et al., 2014 ; Maeda et al., 2006 ) and physiological (Polechońska & Klink, 2014 ) mechanisms that allow it to tolerate salt stress, our salt treatments were uniformly detrimental for traits related to productivity. This is not surprising, as excess salt reduces biomass production and growth because sodium ions in soil are taken up via potassium pathways, reducing potassium uptake (Czerniawska‐Kusza et al., 2004 ).…”

“…Previous research suggests that some genotypes of reed canary grass are highly plastic across stress gradients (Martina & von Ende, 2012 ) and vary in tolerance to common urban wetland contaminants like salt and copper (Haiminen et al., 2014 ; Marchand et al., 2014 ; Polechońska & Klink, 2014 ). Several studies have evaluated reed canary grass performance in wetlands contaminated with copper and zinc (Bernard & Lauve, 1995 ; Korzeniowska & Stanis, 2011 ; Korzeniowska & Stanislawska‐Glubiak, 2017 ; Marchand et al., 2014 ).…”

Soil Characteristics Under Spontaneous Biocover of Phalaris Arundinacea L. In Serbia

“…The potential use of this perennial grass in the remediation of polluted sites is discussed with the potential for biofuel production given some of its other characteristics, for example, high tolerance to site conditions and potential ability to accumulate certain trace metals (Lavergne and Molofsky, 2004). Most macronutrients are accumulated in the aboveground biomass, which makes RCG suitable for phytoextraction of nutrients from the water and bottom sediments of eutrophic lakes and rivers (Polechońska and Klink, 2014). According to Usťak et al (2019), the nitrogen (N) content in the above-ground biomass of cultivated RCG is between 0.90-1.36% from spring to autumn.…”

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) as a promising energy crop

“…The reason for the success of CW with RCG as well as CW with reed in copper removal may be that these plants produce large amounts of underground biomass and thus roots can take a significant amount of copper. Moreover, it is generally accepted that parts of RCG accumulate metals in decreased order: roots (Polechońska and Klink, 2014a), rhizomes (Vymazal et al, 2007), leaves and stems (Polechońska and Klink, 2014a), while most of macronutrients are accumulated in above-ground biomass, which make RCG suitable for nutrient phytoextraction from water and bottom sediments of eutrophic lakes and rivers (Polechońska and Klink, 2014b). However, the maximum standing stock values occur at different times for each heavy metal, which complicate the optimum time for above-ground biomass harvest in order to remove the maximum of all heavy metals at once.…”