Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands

Vanspauwen, Marijke; Knops, Vera E. J.; Bruggeman, Cathrien A.; Mook, Walther N. K. A. van; Linssen, Catharina F. M.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.076257-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A decreased frequency of DHPS mutations in other countries including Switzerland, Italy, and Portugal has also been observed [15,18,20,22,[55][56][57][58]. Recent studies of DHPS mutations in North and Central Europe have also shown a low prevalence of DHPS mutations related to the scarce use of sulfa drugs [21,[59][60][61][62][63]. Only one study from Denmark of patients with PcP from before 2000 reported a prevalence of DHPS mutants of 20.4% [64].…”

Section: Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS) Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii

Horra

Friaza

Morilla

et al. 2021

JoF

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A Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most important microorganisms that cause pneumonia in immunosupressed individuals. The guideline for treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is the use of a combination of sulfa drug-containing trimethroprim and sulfamethoxazole. In the absence of a reliable method to culture Pneumocystis, molecular techniques have been developed to detect mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene, the target of sulfa drugs, where mutations are related to sulfa resistance in other microorganisms. The presence of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations has been described at codon 55 and 57 and found almost around the world. In the current work, we analyzed the most common methods to identify these mutations, their geographical distribution around the world, and their clinical implications. In addition, we describe new emerging DHPS mutations. Other aspects, such as the possibility of transmitting Pneumocystis mutated organisms between susceptible patients is also described, as well as a brief summary of approaches to study these mutations in a heterologous expression system.

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Section: Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS) Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii

Horra

Friaza

Morilla

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…In individual patients with persistent PJP despite adequate therapy with cotrimoxazole, search for mutations in the genes for dihydropteroate synthase or dihydrofolate reductase may be justified [134]. However, P. jirovecii genotypes are unlikely to have clinical relevance in most cases [135,136].…”

Section: Treatment Of Pjpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Diagnosis and Approaches to Management

Mantadakis

2020

JoF

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Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection that mostly affects children with suppressed cellular immunity. PJP was the most common cause of infectious death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia prior to the inclusion of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis as part of the standard medical care in the late 1980s. Children with acute leukemia, lymphomas, and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially allogeneic transplantation, are also at high risk of PJP. Persistent lymphopenia, graft versus host disease, poor immune reconstitution, and lengthy use of corticosteroids are significant risk factors for PJP. Active infection may be due to reactivation of latent infection or recent acquisition from environmental exposure. Intense hypoxemia and impaired diffusing capacity of the lungs are hallmarks of PJP, while computerized tomography of the lungs is the diagnostic technique of choice. Immunofluorescence testing with monoclonal antibodies followed by fluorescent microscopy and polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory specimens have emerged as the best diagnostic methods. Measurement of (1-3)-β-D-glucan in the serum has a high negative predictive value in ruling out PJP. Oral cotrimoxazole is effective for prophylaxis, but in intolerant patients, intravenous and aerosolized pentamidine, dapsone, and atovaquone are effective alternatives. Ιntravenous cotrimoxazole is the treatment of choice, but PJP has a high mortality even with appropriate therapy.

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“…15 Metode pemeriksaan lain yang telah dikembangkan lebih dari 2 dekade adalah diagnosis molekular yang berguna untuk mendeteksi dan melakukan karakterisasi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 16 7,16 Analisis ini dilakukan menggunakan metode PCR dan DNA sekuensing. Amplifikasi dilakukan menggunakan primer pAZ102-H dan pAZ102-E dan dilanjutkan sepasang primer pAZ102-X dan pAZ102-Y (Biotech).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Amplifikasi dilakukan menggunakan primer pAZ102-H dan pAZ102-E dan dilanjutkan sepasang primer pAZ102-X dan pAZ102-Y (Biotech). 16 (Tabel 1). Fragmen DNA kemudian disekuensing menggunakan metode Dye Terminator dengan elektroforesis kapiler.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

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Analisis filogenetik gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) Pneumocystis jirovecii pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Terduga Pneumoniae di Jakarta

Tjampakasari¹,

Yasmon²,

Sjahrurachman³

et al. 2020

jbmi

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Abstrak Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) merupakan patogen oportunistik yang penting pada pasien dengan gangguan kekebalan menurun khususnya human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). P. jirovecii tersebar dimanamana, menyebar melalui udara, dan menyerang sistem pernapasan atas. P. jirovecii mempunyai beberapa faktor virulensi, antara lain major surface glycoprotein (MSG) yang merupakan antigen yang paling banyak ditemukan di permukaan. Pendekatan biologi molekuler digunakan untuk mempelajari patogen ini karena hingga saat ini kultur belum dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data genotip yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar data demografi dan epidemiologi molekuler P. jirovecii di Indonesia. Dua puluh sampel sputum positif P. jirovecii pada real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU). Virulensi daerah hot spot gen mtLSU dianalisis dengan metode PCR dan sekuensing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Diperoleh 30 strain dengan 7 varian didominasi oleh varian 3 yang bersirkulasi di Jakarta. Analisis filogenetik dengan strain negara lain menunjukkan strain Jakarta berkerabat dekat dengan strain Iran, India dan Korea. Kata kunci : Pneumocystis jirovecii, mtLSU, PCR, filogenetik Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). P. jirovecii is spread everywhere, spread through the air, and attacking the upper respiratory system. P. jirovecii has several virulence factors, including major surface glycoprotein (MSG) which is the most widely found on the surface antigen. The molecular biology approach is used to study this pathogen because until now culture cannot be done. This study aims to obtain genotype data that can be used as a basis for demographic and molecular epidemiological data of P. jirovecii in Indonesia. Twenty P. jirovecii positive sputum samples on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were characterized by the mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) gene. Virulence of the mtLSU gene hot spot region was analyzed by PCR method and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. Obtained 30 strains with 7 variants dominated by variant 3 circulating in Jakarta. Phylogenetic analyzed with strains of other countries shows that Jakarta strains are closely related to strains of Iran, India dan Korea. Keywords: Pneumocystis jirovecii, mtLSU, PCR, phylogenetic

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Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Update on Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS) Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii

Update on Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS) Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Diagnosis and Approaches to Management

Analisis filogenetik gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) Pneumocystis jirovecii pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Terduga Pneumoniae di Jakarta

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