Cardiac Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Diabetic Rat Treated with Resveratrol

Abstract

Resveratrol (RSV), polyphenol from grape, was studied to evaluate its effects on calorimetric parameters, energy metabolism, and antioxidants in the myocardium of diabetic rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): C (control group): normal rats; C-RSV: normal rats receiving RSV; DM: diabetic rats; and DM-RSV: diabetics rats receiving RSV. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced with administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg−1 body weight, single dose, i.p.). After 48 hours of STZ administration, the animals received RSV (1.0 mg/kg/day) for gavage for 30 days. Food, water, and energy intake were higher in the DM group, while administration of RSV caused decreases (p<0.05) in these parameters. The glycemia decreased and higher final body weight increased in DM-RSV when compared with the DM group. The diabetic rats showed higher serum-free fatty acid, which was normalized with RSV. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) decreased (p<0.05) in the DM group. This was accompanied by reductions in RQ. The C-RSV group showed higher VO2 and VCO2 values. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was lower in the DM group and normalizes with RSV. The DM group exhibited higher myocardial β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase and citrate synthase activity, and RSV decreased the activity of these enzymes. The DM group had higher cardiac lactate dehydrogenase compared to the DM-RSV group. Myocardial protein carbonyl was increased in the DM group. RSV increased reduced glutathione in the cardiac tissue of diabetic animals. The glutathione reductase activity was higher in the DM-RSV group compared to the DM group. In conclusion, diabetes is accompanied by cardiac energy metabolism dysfunction and change in the biomarkers of oxidative stress. The cardioprotective effect may be mediated through RVS's ability to normalize free fatty acid oxidation, enhance utilization glucose, and control the biomarkers' level of oxidative stress under diabetic conditions.

Aerobical Physical Activities Improve Quality of Cardiac Health in an Animal Model: Parameters of Calorimetry, Profile Lipids and Oxidative Stress

“…Intensity, duration and frequency of exercise have a key role in determining the metabolic responses to the effort, and may increase it or reduce it. It is recommended the intensity of physical exercise between mild to moderate, regularly performed, for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [24,30]. Studies by Delmondes et al [31] and Figueira et al [32] also did not perform direct measurement of lactate and considered intense exercise as used when an overload of 5% of body weight, considering as reference the study by Gobatto et al [21] and sorting the intense term as intense aerobic, in other words, corresponding to maximum steady state of blood lactate, which is the upper limit of heavy exercise domain.…”

“…Total energy intake (EI, kcal/day=mean food consumption per day [g] × metabolizable energy of the ration [kcal/g]) and feed efficiency (FE, g/kcal=weight gain [g]/EI) were calculated according to Kawahara et al [23] and Santos et al [24].…”

Metabolic Disorders Cardiac: Disturbances Triggers by Lack of ATP?

“…Cardiac metabolism is predominantly aerobic, with most of the energy supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. The ATP produced by this pathway is essentially used for contraction [3,[7][8][9].…”

Antidiabetic Effects of Resveratrol: The Way Forward in Its Clinical Utility

“…In diabetic rat tissues, RSV has been reported to normalize the concentration of oxidative stress indicators such as superoxide anion (O 2 ∙− ), hydroxyl radical (OH ∙ ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-isoprostane, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OHdG), nitro-tyrosine (nitro-Tyr), reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and nitrite/nitrate ratio [24, 52–54, 91–93]. Furthermore, RSV has been reported to exhibit its antioxidant activities by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and quinone reductase (QRed) as well as increasing the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds (reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E) in diabetic animals [24, 48, 52, 53, 94].…”