Abstract:Self-amplifying replicon RNA (RepRNA) possesses high potential for increasing antigen load within dendritic cells (DCs). The major aim of the present work was to define how RepRNA delivered by biodegradable, chitosan-based nanoparticulate delivery vehicles (nanogel-alginate (NGA)) interacts with DCs, and whether this could lead to translation of the RepRNA in the DCs. Although studies employed virus replicon particles (VRPs), there are no reports on biodegradable, nanoparticulate vehicle delivery of RepRNA. VR… Show more
“…This figure shows the non-cytopathic Pestivirus genome, and two forms of replicon that have been generated [2,45,46]. These are replicons lacking a single structural glycoprotein, and replicons lacking all structural glycoproteins.…”
Section: Important Considerations For Replicon Rna Vaccine Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, application of polysaccharide, lipid and lipoplex technologies is showing high potential for replicon RNA delivery [2,40,45,49,50]; cylindrical BSAbased particle delivery have also been reported [51]. The success of synthetic, biodegradable chitosan-based nanogels for protein and DNA delivery to DCs [52,53] was elaborated to display an efficient capacity for transporting replicon RNA into DCs, leading to RNA translation in vitro and immune responses induction in vivo [2].…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, the replicon RNA was shown to associate physically with these delivery vehicles, confirming the role of the nanoparticulate systems in the actual delivery of the RNA to the DCs. This was important, because the replicon RNA -derived from the non-cytopathogenic Pestivirus classical swine fever virus -was non-infectious, incapable of entering the DCs or inducing an immune response in vivo without the assistance of the delivery vehicle [2,45]. Figure 2: Schematic representation of the non-cytopathic pestivirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), genome.…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, this replicon RNA was co-formulated with pre-formed squalene-based nanoemulsions [54], employing the squalene-based MF59 adjuvant [55]. Nonetheless, cell delivery of replicon RNA by nanoparticulate delivery vehicles [40] has clearly been demonstrated [2,45,51], leading to translation and replication in DCs and the induction of immune responses in vivo.…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such difficulties do not arise with RNA vaccines, but these suffer from high lability, especially in RNase-containing extracellular and intracellular environments. Delivery of DNA vaccines has provided the means of facilitating RNA vaccine applicability, namely through the employment of biodegradable, nanoparticulate delivery vehicles [2,8,[17][18][19][20][21]. The delivery vehicle can protect the RNA as well as enhancing its delivery to cells, for which interaction with DCs would prove a major contribution to development of immune defences.…”
“…This figure shows the non-cytopathic Pestivirus genome, and two forms of replicon that have been generated [2,45,46]. These are replicons lacking a single structural glycoprotein, and replicons lacking all structural glycoproteins.…”
Section: Important Considerations For Replicon Rna Vaccine Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, application of polysaccharide, lipid and lipoplex technologies is showing high potential for replicon RNA delivery [2,40,45,49,50]; cylindrical BSAbased particle delivery have also been reported [51]. The success of synthetic, biodegradable chitosan-based nanogels for protein and DNA delivery to DCs [52,53] was elaborated to display an efficient capacity for transporting replicon RNA into DCs, leading to RNA translation in vitro and immune responses induction in vivo [2].…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, the replicon RNA was shown to associate physically with these delivery vehicles, confirming the role of the nanoparticulate systems in the actual delivery of the RNA to the DCs. This was important, because the replicon RNA -derived from the non-cytopathogenic Pestivirus classical swine fever virus -was non-infectious, incapable of entering the DCs or inducing an immune response in vivo without the assistance of the delivery vehicle [2,45]. Figure 2: Schematic representation of the non-cytopathic pestivirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), genome.…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, this replicon RNA was co-formulated with pre-formed squalene-based nanoemulsions [54], employing the squalene-based MF59 adjuvant [55]. Nonetheless, cell delivery of replicon RNA by nanoparticulate delivery vehicles [40] has clearly been demonstrated [2,45,51], leading to translation and replication in DCs and the induction of immune responses in vivo.…”
Section: Nanoparticulate Vehicle Delivery Of Self-amplifying Rna To Dmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such difficulties do not arise with RNA vaccines, but these suffer from high lability, especially in RNase-containing extracellular and intracellular environments. Delivery of DNA vaccines has provided the means of facilitating RNA vaccine applicability, namely through the employment of biodegradable, nanoparticulate delivery vehicles [2,8,[17][18][19][20][21]. The delivery vehicle can protect the RNA as well as enhancing its delivery to cells, for which interaction with DCs would prove a major contribution to development of immune defences.…”
Dedicated to Dr. André Van Meerbeeck and to all the direct and indirect victims of the COVID-19 pandemic Researchers, engineers, and medical doctors are made aware of the severity of the COVID-19 infection and act quickly against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using a large variety of tools. In this review, a panoply of nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches show how these disciplines can help the medical, technical, and scientific communities to fight the pandemic, highlighting the development of nanomaterials for detection, sanitation, therapies, and vaccines. SARS-CoV-2, which can be regarded as a functional core-shell nanoparticle (NP), can interact with diverse materials in its vicinity and remains attached for variable times while preserving its bioactivity. These studies are critical for the appropriate use of controlled disinfection systems. Other nanotechnological approaches are also decisive for the development of improved novel testing and diagnosis kits of coronavirus that are urgently required. Therapeutics are based on nanotechnology strategies as well and focus on antiviral drug design and on new nanoarchitectured vaccines. A brief overview on patented work is presented that emphasizes nanotechnology applied to coronaviruses. Finally, some comments are made on patents of the initial technological responses to COVID-19 that have already been put in practice.
Recently, there have been significant advances in the field of RNA‐based therapeutics harnessing exogenous RNAs including small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) mimics, and in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNAs. RNA‐based therapeutics are one of the most attractive classes of drugs for treating a variety of diseases. In principle, RNA‐based therapeutics offer numerous advantages compared to the conventional small‐molecule‐based therapies. However, there are several drawbacks to overcome in the application of RNA‐based therapeutics, including the instability of RNAs and presence of various biological barriers. In the past decades, there have been various attempts to overcome these key challenges. Here, the authors present an overview of RNA‐based therapeutics and recent advances including their delivery systems and clinical applications. In addition, the current challenges of RNA‐based drugs are discussed, followed by perspectives with regard to the development of these promising drug candidates to elicit successful clinical outcomes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.