Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Abstract

Abstract:1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) are encoded by multigene families and are involved in fruit ripening by catalyzing the production of ethylene throughout the development of fruit. However, there are no reports on ACS or ACO genes in mulberry, partly because of the limited molecular research background. In this study, we have obtained five ACS gene sequences and two ACO gene sequences from Morus Genome Database. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed that their amino acids are conserved compared with ACO proteins from other species. MaACS1 and MaACS2 are type I, MaACS3 and MaACS4 are type II, and MaACS5 is type III, with different C-terminal sequences. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression analysis showed that the transcripts of MaACS genes were strongly expressed in fruit, and more weakly in other tissues. The expression of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed different patterns in various mulberry tissues. MaACS and MaACO genes demonstrated two patterns throughout the development of mulberry fruit, and both of them were strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon.

Characterization and Expression of Genes Involved in the Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction during Ripening of Mulberry Fruit

“…Five MaACS and two MaACO genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in Morus have been reported by our previous research [ 27 ]. In this study, we identified 11 putative ethylene signaling genes in M .…”

“…4 ). Our previous study suggested that MaACO2 and MaACS3 showed rapid increases in expression throughout fruit development and were upregulated by ethephon in the fruit at 20 DAF, which may be attributed to the production of ethylene during the fruit transitional period [ 27 ]. Therefore, fruit at 26 DAF may represent the transition stage from system I ethylene production to system II ethylene production, and the respiration rate during fruit development also supports this suggestion ( S1 Fig.…”

“…In our previous study, five MaACS and two MaACO genes were screened from the M . notabilis Genome Database, and their expression profiles were determined to be related to fruit development, and response to abscisic acid and ethephon [ 27 ]. These studies were insufficient to clarify the functions of ethylene during development of Morus fruit.…”

Peer Review #2 of "Mulberry EIL3 confers salt and drought tolerances and modulates ethylene biosynthetic gene expression (v0.1)"

“…Mulberry adapts well to drought, salinity, water logging, and other abiotic stress conditions, but little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of the tolerance. In our previous studies, the elements involved in mulberry ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction were identified and its functions in fruit development were clarified (Liu et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015). However, the functions of mulberry ethylene biosynthesis and signal pathway related genes in other aspects of the lifecycle remain unclear, PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2018:10:31930:1:0:NEW 27 Dec 2018)…”

Preparation of oligochitosan via In situ enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan by amylase in [Gly]BF4 ionic liquid/water homogeneous system

“…As part of our systematic research on chitosan, we have paid more attention to the unique dissolving capacity of amino acid IL . It has been found that the aqueous solution of [Gly]Cl IL can afford adequate dissolvability for chitosan, sequentially the film forming, fiber forming, and degradation process on this platform can be conducted successfully.…”