Competitive interactions modify the temperature dependence of damselfly growth rates

Nilsson-Örtman, Viktor; Stoks, Robby; Johansson, Frank

doi:10.1890/13-0875.1

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The general pattern that we found of higher growth rates at warmer temperatures corresponds well with previous studies measuring the effects of temperature on odonate growth rates (Krishnaraj and Pritchard 1995;Pritchard et al 2000;Nilsson-Ortman et al 2014;Suhling et al 2015) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: The Effects Of Temperature On Inter-and Intra-specific Egg Dsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of environmental warming during early life history on libellulid odonates

2017

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Climate warming affects ectotherms globally, yet we know little regarding the variability in species' responses to warming, particularly in early life stages. Additionally, intraspecific variation in response to warming is understudied but may determine species' resilience to warming. To assess how temperature affects egg development rate in co-occurring dragonfly species, we manipulated temperature (range: 22-31°C) and measured time to hatching. Warming decreased egg development time across all species, indicating that while climate warming will advance hatching phenology, maintained synchrony in hatching order will likely not affect species interactions. Our second experiment examined early life-history responses to warming in the dot-tailed whiteface (Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)) dragonfly. We measured time to hatching, hatchling size, growth rate, and survival at four temperatures (23-30°C), including a treatment with increased thermal variation. Warming resulted in smaller hatchlings with increased growth and mortality rates, whereas higher thermal variation did not have effects different from those of warming alone. We observed significant intraspecific variation in the responses to warming in both egg development time and hatchling size and this variation was correlated with date of oviposition. High levels of intraspecific variation may be important in buffering populations from the effects of climate warming.Key words: body size, climate change, development, ectotherm, life history, Odonata, survival. Résumé :Si le réchauffement climatique a une incidence sur les organismes ectothermes en général, les connaissances sur la variabilité des réactions des espèces au réchauffement sont limitées, particulièrement pour les premières étapes du cycle de vie. Les variations intraspécifiques de la réaction au réchauffement sont également sous-étudiées même si elles pourraient déter-miner la résilience des espèces au réchauffement. Pour évaluer l'influence de la température sur le taux de développement des oeufs chez des espèces de libellules cooccurrentes, nous avons manipulé la température (fourchette : 22 à 31°C) et mesuré la durée d'incubation. Le réchauffement réduisait la durée de développement des oeufs pour toutes les espèces, ce qui indique que, si le réchauffement climatique accélérera la phénologie de l'éclosion, le maintien du synchronisme de l'ordre d'éclosion n'aura vraisemblablement pas d'incidence sur les interactions entre espèces. Notre deuxième expérience se penchait sur les réactions au réchauffement durant les premières étapes du cycle de vie de la leucorrhine mouchetée (Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)). Nous avons mesuré la durée d'incubation, la taille des bébés nouvellement éclos, le taux de croissance et la survie à quatre températures (de 23 à 30°C), incluant un traitement comprenant des variations de température accrues. Le réchauffement produisait des bébés plus petits présentant des taux de croissance et de mortalité accrus, alors que l'augmentation des variations de...

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Section: The Effects Of Temperature On Inter-and Intra-specific Egg Dsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of environmental warming during early life history on libellulid odonates

2017

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“…It is thus possible that the food used here, Artemia salina, are more appropriate during certain stages of ontogenetic development. In general, however, experiments with damselfly larvae have shown strong agreement regardless of whether researchers used smaller Artemia salina, larger Daphnia magna or other food sources during rearing (Pierce et al 1985, Baker 1989Nilsson-Ö rtman et al 2014), indicating that the influence of diet preferences is relatively weak.…”

Section: Strength and Direction Of Developmental Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal patterns of phenology and age‐specific thermal performance across six Coenagrion damselfly species

Nilsson-Örtman

Stoks

Block

et al. 2013

Ecological Monographs

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Abstract. Using a combination of computer simulations and laboratory experiments we test if the thermal sensitivity of growth rates change during ontogeny in damselfly larvae and if these changes can be predicted based on the natural progression of average temperature or thermal variability in the field. The laboratory experiment included replicated species from Southern, Central, and Northern Europe. Although annual fluctuations in temperature represent a key characteristic of temperate environments, few studies of thermal performance have considered the ecological importance of the studied traits within a seasonal context. Instead, thermal performance is assumed to remain constant throughout ontogeny and to reflect selection acting over the whole life cycle. The laboratory experiment revealed considerable variation among species in the strength and direction of ontogenetic performance shifts. In four species from Southern and Central Europe, reaction norms were steepest during early ontogeny, becoming less steep during later ontogenetic stages (indicative of lowtemperature acclimation). In one Northern European species, the slope of reaction norms did not change during ontogeny. In the other North European species, reaction norms became steeper during ontogeny (indicative of high-temperature acclimation). We had expected highlatitude species to show strong low-temperature acclimation responses, because they have a short flight season and inhabit a strongly seasonal environment. Instead, we found the reversed pattern: Low-latitude species displayed strong low-temperature acclimation responses, and high-latitude species displayed weak, or even reversed, acclimation responses to low temperatures. These findings suggest that low-temperature acclimation may be less beneficial and possibly more costly in habitats with rapid seasonal transitions in average temperature. We conclude that thermal performance traits are more dynamic than typically assumed and caution against using results from single ontogenetic stages to predict species' responses to changing environmental conditions.

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“…However, within odonates, species responses to environmental change can be highly variable and depend on both the context of the warming and the presence of additional stressors (e.g., competitors, potential intraguild predators, food limitation), and on the specific responses quantified (e.g., growth rate, mortality, size at or timing of emergence; Suhling and Suhling , Nilsson‐Örtman et al. , Suhling et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated climate change increases larval mortality, alters phenology, and affects flight morphology of a dragonfly

2018

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. 2018. Simulated climate change increases larval mortality, alters phenology, and affects flight morphology of a dragonfly. Ecosphere 9(3):e02151. 10. 1002/ecs2.2151 Abstract. For organisms with complex life cycles, climate change can have both direct effects and indirect effects that are mediated through plastic responses to temperature and that carry over beyond the developmental environment. We examined multiple responses to environmental warming in a dragonfly, a species whose life history bridges aquatic and terrestrial environments. We tested larval survival under warming and whether warmer conditions can create carry-over effects between life history stages. Rearing dragonfly larvae in an experimental warming array to simulate increases in temperature, we contrasted the effects of the current thermal environment with temperatures +2.5°and +5°C above ambient, temperatures predicted for 50 and 100 yr in the future for the study region. Aquatic mesocosms were stocked with dragonfly larvae (Erythemis collocata), and we followed survival of larvae to adult emergence. We also measured the effects of warming on the timing of the life history transition to the adult stage, body size of adults, and the relative size of their wings, an aspect of morphology key to flight performance. There was a trend toward reduced larval survival with increasing temperature. Warming strongly affected the phenology of adult emergence, advancing emergence by up to a month compared with ambient conditions. Additionally, our warmest conditions increased variation in the timing of adult emergence compared with cooler conditions. The increased variation with warming arose from an extended emergence season with fewer individuals emerging at any one time. Altered emergence patterns such as we observed are likely to place individuals emerging outside the typical season at greater risk from early and late season storms and will reduce effective population sizes during the breeding season. Contrary to expectations for ectotherms, body size was unaffected by warming. However, morphology was affected: at +5°C, dragonflies emerging from mesocosms had relatively smaller wings. This provides some of the first evidence that the effects of climate change on animals during their growth can have carry-over effects in morphology that will affect performance of later life history stages. In dragonflies, relatively smaller wings are associated with reduced flight performance, creating a link between larval thermal conditions and adult dispersal capacity.

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Competitive interactions modify the temperature dependence of damselfly growth rates

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

Effects of environmental warming during early life history on libellulid odonates

Effects of environmental warming during early life history on libellulid odonates

Latitudinal patterns of phenology and age‐specific thermal performance across six Coenagrion damselfly species

Simulated climate change increases larval mortality, alters phenology, and affects flight morphology of a dragonfly

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