Roles of Ki‐67, p53, transforming growth factor‐β and lysyl oxidase in the metastasis of lung cancer

Abstract

LOX and TGF-β may play roles in metastatic AC. LOX and TGF-β may become markers of metastatic disease and inhibition could be explored for treatment.

LRG1 modulates invasion and migration of glioma cell lines through TGF-β signaling pathway

“…TGF-␤ superfamily proteins have been demonstrated to play important roles in cell proliferation, migration and invasion (Drabsch and ten Dijke, 2012; Sun et al, 1995), and their aberrant expression and activity is associated with a variety of tumors (Araz et al, 2014;Chou et al, 2010;Giannelli et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014). Here we showed that overexpression of LRG1 activated TGF-␤ signaling in glioma cells by upregulating TGF-␤1 and promoting the phosphorylation of its downstream Smad proteins ( Fig.…”

“…Binding of TGF-␤ with its type I and type II receptors leads to phosphorylation and activation of smad2 and smad3, which in turn bind to smad4 and modulate cell functions (Kamato et al, 2013). The aberrant expression and activity of TGF-␤ has been shown to be associated with a variety of tumors including lung (Araz et al, 2014), liver (Giannelli et al, 2014), breast and ovarian cancer (Chou et al, 2010). LRG1 was recently demonstrated to promote endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis via TGF-␤ signaling pathway (Wang et al, 2013).…”

Inhibition of TGF-β Signaling in Gliomas by the Flavonoid Diosmetin Isolated from Dracocephalum peregrinum L.

“…The TGF-β superfamily of proteins, ubiquitous in cells, are widely involved in cell development and progression, and their excessive expression is found in a variety of tumors including lung, liver, breast, and ovarian cancers [32][33][34][35]. The Smad cytoplasmic proteins, a series of key proteins in the TGF-β signaling pathway, are present in both normal and transformed cells [36].…”

Year in review 2014: Lung cancer, pleural diseases, respiratory infections and tuberculosis, bronchoscopic intervention and imaging

“…Relatively slow‐growing Ad lesions frequently metastasize. Araz et al . examined the correlations between the Ki‐67, p53, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐b and lysyl oxidase (LOX) values and the metastatic stage in various types of lung cancers.…”

“…Relatively slowgrowing Ad lesions frequently metastasize. Araz et al 12 examined the correlations between the Ki-67, p53, transforming growth factor (TGF)-b and lysyl oxidase (LOX) values and the metastatic stage in various types of lung cancers. Consequently, high levels of cellular LOX and TGF-b were found to be related to an increased incidence of distant metastasis in Ad patients.…”