Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™) in rats

Nakano, Masahiko; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Koura, Seiko; Chung, Catherine T.; Tafazoli, Shahrzad; Roberts, Ashley

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.024

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, in light of its beneficial physiological effects, PQQ has been identified as a potential candidate for its use in the dietary supplements. 47) The results obtained in the present study suggest that the use of supplements including PQQNa 2 , Vit C, and α-TocH at the same time is preferable in maintaining a good health.…”

Section: Pqq Is Reduced To Pqqh 2 By Vit C Which May Function As An supporting

confidence: 50%

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4

Mukai

Ouchi

Nagaoka

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Measurements of the reaction of sodium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQNa2) with vitamin C (Vit C) were performed in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The absorption spectrum of PQQNa2 decreased in intensity due to the reaction with Vit C and was changed to that of pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2, a reduced form of PQQ). One molecule of PQQ was reduced by two molecules of Vit C producing a molecule of PQQH2 in the buffer solution. PQQH2, thus produced, was recycled to PQQ due to air oxidation. PQQ and Vit C coexist in many biological systems, such as vegetables, fruits, as well as in human tissues. The results obtained suggest that PQQ is reduced by Vit C and functions as an antioxidant in biological systems, because it has been reported that PQQH2 shows very high free-radical scavenging and singlet-oxygen quenching activities in buffer solutions.

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Section: Pqq Is Reduced To Pqqh 2 By Vit C Which May Function As An supporting

confidence: 50%

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4

Mukai

Ouchi

Nagaoka

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…As for oral toxicity studies, a 14-day preliminary study and a 28-day repeated dose study, as acute studies, and a 13-week subchronic study were performed in rats. 95) The median lethal dose was 1000-2000 mg PQQ Na 2 /kg body weight in male and 500-1000 mg PQQ Na 2 /kg body weight in female rats. In the 14-day study, high doses of PQQ Na 2 resulted in increases in relative kidney weights with associated histopathology in female rats only, while a follow-up 28-day study in female animals resulted in increases in urinary protein and crystals.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 95%

Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone

Akagawa

Nakano

Ikemoto

2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, was identified initially as a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. Although PQQ is not biosynthesized in mammals, trace amounts of PQQ have been found in human and rat tissues because of its wide distribution in dietary sources. Importantly, nutritional studies in rodents have revealed that PQQ deficiency exhibits diverse systemic responses, including growth impairment, immune dysfunction, and abnormal reproductive performance. Although PQQ is not currently classified as a vitamin, PQQ has been implicated as an important nutrient in mammals. In recent years, PQQ has been receiving much attention owing to its physiological importance and pharmacological effects. In this article, we review the potential health benefits of PQQ with a focus on its growth-promoting activity, anti-diabetic effect, anti-oxidative action, and neuroprotective function. Additionally, we provide an update of its basic pharmacokinetics and safety information in oral ingestion.

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“…While the MCH, PCT and PLT of female rats in the treated groups were significantly different from the control group (Table 2). Hence, all the significant changes in the clinical chemistry parameters noted in the female rats were considered as physiological variations, as they were within the normal range and were considered to be incidental due to the lack of dose-dependency (Nakano et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as evaluation of safety pharmacology of modified pulsatilla granules

Jia¹,

Song²,

Guo³

et al. 2017

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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The present study investigated acute and subchronic toxicity and safety pharmacology of modified pulsatilla granules (MPG) to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of MPG toxicity. The results of acute toxicity testing showed that the median lethal dose of MPG was more than 5 000 mg kg-1 , suggesting that MPG was considered as practically non-toxic. The subchronic toxicity study for 30 days was conducted by daily oral administration at doses of 375, 750 and 1 500 mg kg-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of subchronic toxicity study showed that the body weight and relative organ weight were not significantly changed by administration of MPG. The clinical chemistry study showed that MPG could induce kidney and liver damages. In histopathological, mild lesions in liver and kidney were also observed, suggesting that the liver and kidney might be potential target organs of MPG. In the safety pharmacology study, MPG did not exhibited any side effects to rats in cardiovascular system, respiratory system and central nervous system. These results suggested that MPG could be considered safe for veterinary use.

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Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™) in rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4

Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone

Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as evaluation of safety pharmacology of modified pulsatilla granules

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