Measurement of the complex nonlinear optical response of a surface plasmon-polariton

León, Israel De; Shi, Zhimin; Liapis, Andreas C.; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1364/ol.39.002274

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We find Im{ (3) }  810 -16 m 2 /V 2 , which is very large and a little over three orders of magnitude larger than  (3) values measured recently by two other groups. [3,4]. To ensure that both our model and our experiment are accurate, we simulate the nonlinear propagation of the SPP on an air/gold interface, where the gold exhibits an Im{ (3) } equal to our measured value (see Fig.…”

Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (contrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Figure 1(c) provides evidence that the nonlinear response is ultrafast as the renormalized output power taken at rep and rep/10 exhibit the same nonlinear response and appear to depend on the pulse energy only. Our analytical model of the nonlinear propagation of SPPs enables us to retrieve the imaginary part of the bulk  (3) for gold from eff. We find Im{ (3) }  810 -16 m 2 /V 2 , which is very large and a little over three orders of magnitude larger than  (3) values measured recently by two other groups.…”

Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our analytical model of the nonlinear propagation of SPPs enables us to retrieve the imaginary part of the bulk  (3) for gold from eff. We find Im{ (3) }  810 -16 m 2 /V 2 , which is very large and a little over three orders of magnitude larger than  (3) values measured recently by two other groups. [3,4].…”

Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation of ultrafast self-action of SPPs that solely probes the gold nonlinearity and reveals the effect it has on SPP propagation. From the experimental measurements and model, we are able to directly retrieve a very large value of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility  (3) . This is the first time such a large value is reported for gold-three-orders of magnitude larger than that reported recently by two independent groups [3,4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large and Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption of an Air/Gold Plasmonic Waveguide

et al. 2015

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Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (contrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Of Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption Retrieval Of  (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large and Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption of an Air/Gold Plasmonic Waveguide

et al. 2015

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“…value given in [29]. Though we are unable to explain this discrepancy, we provide a discussion on the possible reasons for disagreement in [24].…”

Section: Numerical Simulations and Discussion On The Third-order mentioning

confidence: 69%

Ultrafast self-action of surface-plasmon polaritons at an air/metal interface

et al. 2015

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We investigate both theoreticaally and experimentally the nonlinear propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) on a single air/metal interface. Inspired by nonlinear dielectric waveguide theory, we analytically derive a model that describes the nonlinear propagation of SPPs, thus bridging the description of plasmonic and dielectric waveguides. The model, the numerical simulations and the experiments, which are carried out in the hundred femtosecond regime, reveal that the SPP undergoes strong ultrafast self-action which manifests itself through selfinduced absorption. Our observations are consistent with a large, bulk, third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) of gold and provide a selfconsistent theory of self-action of SPPs at an air/metal interface. Experimentally, we find Im{χ (3)} 3×10-16 m2/V2. These findings have important implications in the nonlinear physics of plasmonics and metamaterials as they provide evidence that nonlinear absorption has a significant effect on the propagation of SPPs excited by intense optical pulses. This self-action is also expected to affect the anomalous absorption of light near subwavelength structures as well as the strength of desirable nonlinear processes such as third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing, which will inevitably compete with nonlinear absorption.

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Free‐electron Optical Nonlinearities in Plasmonic Nanostructures: A Review of the Hydrodynamic Description

Krasavin

Ginzburg

Zayats

2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Requirements of integrated photonics and miniaturisation of optical devices demand efficient nonlinear components not constrained by conventional macroscopic nonlinear crystals. Intrinsic nonlinear response of free carriers in plasmonic materials provides opportunities to design both second-and third-order nonlinear optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures and control light with light using Kerr-type nonlinearities as well as achieve harmonic generation. This review summarises principles of free-carrier nonlinearities in the hydrodynamic description in both perturbative and non-perturbative regimes, considering also contribution of nonlocal effects. Engineering of harmonic generation, solitons, nonlinear refraction and ultrafast all-optical switching in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials are discussed. The full hydrodynamic consideration of nonlinear dynamics of free carriers reveals key contributions to the nonlinear effects defined by the interplay between a topology of the nanostructure and nonlinear response of the fermionic gas at the nanoscale, allowing design of high effective nonlinearities in a desired spectral range. Flexibility and unique features of free-electron nonlinearities are important for nonlinear plasmonic applications in free-space as well as integrated and quantum nanophotonic technologies.

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Measurement of the complex nonlinear optical response of a surface plasmon-polariton

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Large and Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption of an Air/Gold Plasmonic Waveguide

Large and Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption of an Air/Gold Plasmonic Waveguide

Ultrafast self-action of surface-plasmon polaritons at an air/metal interface

Free‐electron Optical Nonlinearities in Plasmonic Nanostructures: A Review of the Hydrodynamic Description

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