In vitro activity studies of hyperthermal near-infrared nanoGUMBOS in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

Abstract

A new kind of material called nanoGUMBOS, comprised entirely of cations and anions, has been developed by pairing various functional ions that exhibit fluorescence activity with biocompatible ions, in a process very much akin to that employed in ionic liquid chemistry. In the present study, spectral and biological properties of NIR absorbing nanoGUMBOS were evaluated using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, absorbance, thermal imaging, and live/dead fluorescence assays in conjunction with malignant MDA-MB-231 and non-malignant HS-578-BST epithelial human breast cells. The primary focus of this study was to maximize heat generation using NIR laser irradiation and minimize non-specific cytotoxicity using biocompatible constituent ions (e.g. amino acids, vitamins, or organic acids). Concurrently, in order to generate highly responsive nanomaterials for NIR-laser-triggered hyperthermia, optimization of the nanoparticle size, shape, and uniformity was carried out. Evaluation of data from hyperthermal studies of NIR absorbing nanoGUMBOS shows that these materials can achieve temperatures above the threshold for killing cancerous cells. Additionally, in vitro cell based assays demonstrated their promising hyperthermal effects on cancer derived epithelial cells.

Mitochondria targeting IR780-based nanoGUMBOS for enhanced selective toxicity towards cancer cells

“…44 In order to further understand improved drug efficacy of nanoGUMBOS as compared to the parent dye, the cellular uptake of all nanoparticles with different absorptivity were quantitatively measured and compared using a previously reported method with slight modication. 26,45,46 An optimized concentration of nanoparticles corresponding to little or no cell death was incubated with MDA-MB-231 cancer cells for 4 h, and then cellular uptake of incubated nanoparticles were quantied based on spectrometric measurements. As shown in Fig.…”

“…2,[25][26][27] Although similar to ionic liquids in terms of counter-ions used, GUMBOS are solidphase analogs with a dened melting point range of 25 C to 250 C. Such organic salts are found to have broadly tunable properties such as toxicity, hydrophobicity, melting point, and optical behaviors. 2,25,26,28,29 Thus, GUMBOS can be designed for specic tasks through simple counter-ion variations. Nanoparticles derived from these GUMBOS (nanoGUMBOS) generally display enhanced, unique, and tunable properties at the nanoscale level as compared to GUMBOS.…”

“…Quasi-spherical nanoGUMBOS were then obtained by directly nanoengineering these GUMBOS using an ultrasonicationassisted reprecipitation method, which has been previously described. 2,23,25,26,31 These nanomaterials were then tested in vitro using both cancer cells and normal cells to study drug efficacy. Examination of results from these studies indicate that these novel NIR nanomaterials provide unique properties for future in vivo chemotherapeutic applications.…”

Recent Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Tunable Materials and Nanomaterials Based on Organic Salts

“…J.C. Dumke et al [120] . studied the utility of NIR fluorescent nanoGUMBOS [1061][Folate] and [1048][Folate] against MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer cell).…”

“…The electrochemical properties suggested their applications in optoelectronics as well as light-harvesting. J.C. Dumke et al [120] 4 ] with that of the sodium salt of Folate (Scheme 8). The synthesis was accomplished through the following steps: (1) preparation of a solution of dyes in dichloromethane; (2) mixing of this solution with other solution of folates in water; (3) the obtained reaction mixture was stirred for 2 days; (4) washing and purification.…”